| Summary: | Abstract Background Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, plays an important function in the pathogenesis of cancer through interaction with the cell surface G protein‐coupled adenosine receptors. It is important to determine the expression pattern of these receptors in different cancers. Previously in our lab, we found up‐regulation of A1 adenosine receptor (AR) in lung tumors playing as a putative target for cancer cell inhibition, and here we aimed to investigate the significance of other adenosine receptor isoforms (A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR). Methods In this study, first of all, we evaluated the adenosine receptors gene expression in the bioinformatics database (GENT2). Then the genes expression was measured experimentally in the 20 lung cancer tumor tissues in comparison to the matched tumor‐adjacent normal tissue (as control). The mRNA expression of receptors was evaluated by real‐time PCR. The tumors were categorized by the tumor size and the gene expression change was evaluated. Results The experimental results indicated a significant increase in A2aAR (p value = .021) and A3AR (p value = .01) expression in lung tumor tissues compared to the adjacent tumor margins which were in accordant to bioinformatics analysis. We found a non‐significant increase in A2bAR expression; however, when comparing the patients according to the tumor size, our data showed that the expression of A2bAR adenosine receptor in patients with smaller lung tumor sizes was higher than the other group (p = .011). Conclusion The results of this study showed that adenosine receptors A3AR, and A2aAR are highly expressed in lung tumors relative to tumor‐adjacent normal tissue. We suggest that overexpression of adenosine receptors in lung cancer is due to their regulatory role in various aspects of lung cancer.
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