Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks
In the ambit of Forensic examination of the questioned documents, writing instruments often serve as an essential tool in disclosing the legitimacy of a document. In the present study, a total of 18 marker samples including 9 permanent and 9 whiteboard (commonly known as dry erase) markers of black...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Arabic |
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Naif University Publishing House
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/1969 |
| _version_ | 1797265147214954496 |
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| author | Pawan Gupta Anu Singla Baljeet Yadav Yadav Vartika Khare |
| author_facet | Pawan Gupta Anu Singla Baljeet Yadav Yadav Vartika Khare |
| author_sort | Pawan Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the ambit of Forensic examination of the questioned documents, writing instruments often serve as an essential tool in disclosing the legitimacy of a document. In the present study, a total of 18 marker samples including 9 permanent and 9 whiteboard (commonly known as dry erase) markers of black color of different brands were purchased from the local market of district Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. UV-Visible spectroscopy with Multi-Mode Plate Reader and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were used for the discrimination of samples. In the case of permanent marker inks, peaks near 390-405 nm and at 570-585 nm were found to be more prominent and differentiating than that of the whiteboard marker inks. Qualitative comparative analysis of the permanent and the whiteboard black marker ink samples showed 97.2% and 91.6% DP respectively based on their UV-Vis. spectral responses. FTIR spectroscopy of whiteboard markers confirmed the presence of characteristic peak at 1743 cm-1 (C=O stretch) together with a doublet in the region 2920-2850 cm-1 corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretch in almost all the whiteboard marker inks, whereas in case of permanent marker inks the former peak 1743 cm-1 was completely absent and the later appeared as a single peak around 2900 cm-1. The results obtained from ATR-FTIR was analyzed using multivariate techniques such as PCA and DFA. PCA was used for the segregation of samples into different groups, whereas DFA was used for the discrimination and classification of marker ink samples. DFA provided a correct classification of 88.9% of the marker ink samples analyzed by FTIR. It is concluded that Multi Mode Plate Reader can be used as a substantial tool for the discrimination of marker inks and was found to be fast and cost effective with high throughput. Moreover, ATR-FTIR results gave some additional information related to the chemical composition of the samples and provided better discrimination when coupled with chemometrics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:40:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc254d0123d545f5843dc2be9003a2e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1658-6786 1658-6794 |
| language | Arabic |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:40:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Naif University Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc254d0123d545f5843dc2be9003a2e02024-03-12T12:27:57ZaraNaif University Publishing HouseArab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine1658-67861658-67942023-12-015214416010.26735/IBNY77611673Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker InksPawan Gupta0Anu Singla1Baljeet Yadav Yadav2Vartika Khare3Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India.Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India.Department of Forensic Science, Medicaps University, Indore, India.Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India.In the ambit of Forensic examination of the questioned documents, writing instruments often serve as an essential tool in disclosing the legitimacy of a document. In the present study, a total of 18 marker samples including 9 permanent and 9 whiteboard (commonly known as dry erase) markers of black color of different brands were purchased from the local market of district Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. UV-Visible spectroscopy with Multi-Mode Plate Reader and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were used for the discrimination of samples. In the case of permanent marker inks, peaks near 390-405 nm and at 570-585 nm were found to be more prominent and differentiating than that of the whiteboard marker inks. Qualitative comparative analysis of the permanent and the whiteboard black marker ink samples showed 97.2% and 91.6% DP respectively based on their UV-Vis. spectral responses. FTIR spectroscopy of whiteboard markers confirmed the presence of characteristic peak at 1743 cm-1 (C=O stretch) together with a doublet in the region 2920-2850 cm-1 corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretch in almost all the whiteboard marker inks, whereas in case of permanent marker inks the former peak 1743 cm-1 was completely absent and the later appeared as a single peak around 2900 cm-1. The results obtained from ATR-FTIR was analyzed using multivariate techniques such as PCA and DFA. PCA was used for the segregation of samples into different groups, whereas DFA was used for the discrimination and classification of marker ink samples. DFA provided a correct classification of 88.9% of the marker ink samples analyzed by FTIR. It is concluded that Multi Mode Plate Reader can be used as a substantial tool for the discrimination of marker inks and was found to be fast and cost effective with high throughput. Moreover, ATR-FTIR results gave some additional information related to the chemical composition of the samples and provided better discrimination when coupled with chemometrics.https://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/1969 forensic sciencepcadfamarker ink discriminationdocument examinationblack marker inksphotometric analysis |
| spellingShingle | Pawan Gupta Anu Singla Baljeet Yadav Yadav Vartika Khare Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine forensic science pca dfa marker ink discrimination document examination black marker inks photometric analysis |
| title | Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks |
| title_full | Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks |
| title_short | Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks |
| title_sort | effectiveness of uv visible spectroscopy with multi mode plate reader and atr ftir for the discrimination of black marker inks |
| topic | forensic science pca dfa marker ink discrimination document examination black marker inks photometric analysis |
| url | https://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/1969 |
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