Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines
<i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the n...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Jecinta Wanjiru Jeremiah Gathirwa Elingarami Sauli Hulda Shaid Swai |
| author_facet | Jecinta Wanjiru Jeremiah Gathirwa Elingarami Sauli Hulda Shaid Swai |
| author_sort | Jecinta Wanjiru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and characterized using the dynamic light scattering and dialysis membrane techniques. The in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were investigated with the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazole) MTT assay. Acute toxicity was assessed using <i>Swiss albino</i> mice. An MoP particle size of 296 ± 0.29 nm, −40.1 ± 1.19 mV zeta potential, and polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 0.002 were obtained. The total phenolic content was 50.81 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, while encapsulation efficiency was 90.32 ± 0.11%. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic and prolonged subsequent sustained release. In vitro assays indicated MoP had a low cytotoxicity effect of 98.84 ± 0.53 μg/mL, doxorubicin was 68.35 ± 3.508, and Mopp was 212.9 ± 1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73 ± 2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index > 3. The results indicated a significant difference (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. The in vivo investigation showed the safety of MoP at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that MoP may serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery and therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:50Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc25f20642864f3d8fd38a1102c0da962023-12-03T12:01:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012714443010.3390/molecules27144430Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell LinesJecinta Wanjiru0Jeremiah Gathirwa1Elingarami Sauli2Hulda Shaid Swai3Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, TanzaniaCentre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, KenyaDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, TanzaniaDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23100, Tanzania<i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf polyphenols (Mopp) were encapsulated with phytosomes to enhance their efficacy on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> polyphenol-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and characterized using the dynamic light scattering and dialysis membrane techniques. The in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were investigated with the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazole) MTT assay. Acute toxicity was assessed using <i>Swiss albino</i> mice. An MoP particle size of 296 ± 0.29 nm, −40.1 ± 1.19 mV zeta potential, and polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 0.002 were obtained. The total phenolic content was 50.81 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, while encapsulation efficiency was 90.32 ± 0.11%. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic and prolonged subsequent sustained release. In vitro assays indicated MoP had a low cytotoxicity effect of 98.84 ± 0.53 μg/mL, doxorubicin was 68.35 ± 3.508, and Mopp was 212.9 ± 1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73 ± 2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index > 3. The results indicated a significant difference (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. The in vivo investigation showed the safety of MoP at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that MoP may serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery and therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4430polyphenolsnatural nanoparticles<i>Moringa oleifera</i>antiproliferationbreast cancer |
| spellingShingle | Jecinta Wanjiru Jeremiah Gathirwa Elingarami Sauli Hulda Shaid Swai Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines Molecules polyphenols natural nanoparticles <i>Moringa oleifera</i> antiproliferation breast cancer |
| title | Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_full | Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_fullStr | Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_short | Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_sort | formulation optimization and evaluation of i moringa oleifera i leaf polyphenol loaded phytosome delivery system against breast cancer cell lines |
| topic | polyphenols natural nanoparticles <i>Moringa oleifera</i> antiproliferation breast cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4430 |
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