Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype
IntroductionPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that occurs after a traumatic event in a subset of exposed individuals. This implies the existence of susceptibility factors that foster the development of PTSD. Susceptibility factors are present before trauma and can con...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1112837/full |
| _version_ | 1797857913314738176 |
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| author | Khadijah Shanazz Khadijah Shanazz Rebecca Nalloor Rebecca Nalloor Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Almira Vazdarjanova Almira Vazdarjanova |
| author_facet | Khadijah Shanazz Khadijah Shanazz Rebecca Nalloor Rebecca Nalloor Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Almira Vazdarjanova Almira Vazdarjanova |
| author_sort | Khadijah Shanazz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that occurs after a traumatic event in a subset of exposed individuals. This implies the existence of susceptibility factors that foster the development of PTSD. Susceptibility factors are present before trauma and can contribute to the development and maintenance of PTSD after trauma. Manipulation of susceptibility factors may decrease the probability of developing PTSD. A putative susceptibility factor is inflammation. Patients with PTSD have been documented to have a higher pro-inflammatory profile compared to non-PTSD subjects. In addition, they are more likely to develop and die from cardiovascular disease which has a strong inflammation component. It is not known, however, whether inflammation plays a role in developing PTSD or whether reducing inflammation can prevent PTSD.MethodsWe used the Revealing Individual Susceptibility to a PTSD-like phenotype (RISP) model to behaviorally classify male rats as resilient or susceptible before trauma and tested their serum and prefrontal cortical (mPFC) levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, IFN IFNγ, and KC/GRO to determine whether inflammation represents a putative susceptibility factor for PTSD.ResultsWe found elevated IL-6 levels in the mPFC, but not serum, of susceptible rats compared to resilient animals before trauma. Serum and mPFC levels were not correlated in any of the cytokines/chemokines. Rats with high anxiety-like behavior had elevated IL-6 and IL-10 mPFC levels. Acoustic startle responses were not associated with cytokine/chemokine levels.DiscussionNeuroinflammation, rather than systemic inflammation exists in susceptible male rats before trauma and is thus a putative susceptibility factor for PTSD. Thus, susceptibility appears neurogenic in its pathogenesis. The lack of differences between susceptible and resilient rats in serum cytokine/chemokine levels infers that peripheral markers will not be useful in determining susceptibility. Chronic neuroinflammation appears more broadly associated with anxiety rather than startle responses. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc2b345045cb41f496ab02b2796ffcd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:04:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc2b345045cb41f496ab02b2796ffcd62023-03-29T04:36:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532023-03-011710.3389/fnbeh.2023.11128371112837Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotypeKhadijah Shanazz0Khadijah Shanazz1Rebecca Nalloor2Rebecca Nalloor3Rudolf Lucas4Rudolf Lucas5Rudolf Lucas6Almira Vazdarjanova7Almira Vazdarjanova8VA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesVA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesVascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesVA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United StatesIntroductionPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that occurs after a traumatic event in a subset of exposed individuals. This implies the existence of susceptibility factors that foster the development of PTSD. Susceptibility factors are present before trauma and can contribute to the development and maintenance of PTSD after trauma. Manipulation of susceptibility factors may decrease the probability of developing PTSD. A putative susceptibility factor is inflammation. Patients with PTSD have been documented to have a higher pro-inflammatory profile compared to non-PTSD subjects. In addition, they are more likely to develop and die from cardiovascular disease which has a strong inflammation component. It is not known, however, whether inflammation plays a role in developing PTSD or whether reducing inflammation can prevent PTSD.MethodsWe used the Revealing Individual Susceptibility to a PTSD-like phenotype (RISP) model to behaviorally classify male rats as resilient or susceptible before trauma and tested their serum and prefrontal cortical (mPFC) levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, IFN IFNγ, and KC/GRO to determine whether inflammation represents a putative susceptibility factor for PTSD.ResultsWe found elevated IL-6 levels in the mPFC, but not serum, of susceptible rats compared to resilient animals before trauma. Serum and mPFC levels were not correlated in any of the cytokines/chemokines. Rats with high anxiety-like behavior had elevated IL-6 and IL-10 mPFC levels. Acoustic startle responses were not associated with cytokine/chemokine levels.DiscussionNeuroinflammation, rather than systemic inflammation exists in susceptible male rats before trauma and is thus a putative susceptibility factor for PTSD. Thus, susceptibility appears neurogenic in its pathogenesis. The lack of differences between susceptible and resilient rats in serum cytokine/chemokine levels infers that peripheral markers will not be useful in determining susceptibility. Chronic neuroinflammation appears more broadly associated with anxiety rather than startle responses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1112837/fullIL-6IL-10anxietystartle behaviorratssusceptibility |
| spellingShingle | Khadijah Shanazz Khadijah Shanazz Rebecca Nalloor Rebecca Nalloor Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Rudolf Lucas Almira Vazdarjanova Almira Vazdarjanova Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience IL-6 IL-10 anxiety startle behavior rats susceptibility |
| title | Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype |
| title_full | Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype |
| title_fullStr | Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype |
| title_short | Neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a PTSD-like phenotype |
| title_sort | neuroinflammation is a susceptibility factor in developing a ptsd like phenotype |
| topic | IL-6 IL-10 anxiety startle behavior rats susceptibility |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1112837/full |
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