Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice
Water and nitrogen are the key factors affecting the yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency of double-cropping rice, but information about optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management to achieve high yield is still limited. The purpose was to study the effects of different nitrogen appli...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1190 |
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| author | Haijun Zhu Ting Zhang Chunlan Zhang Xiaoe He Ailong Shi Weijian Tan Zhenxie Yi Xuehua Wang |
| author_facet | Haijun Zhu Ting Zhang Chunlan Zhang Xiaoe He Ailong Shi Weijian Tan Zhenxie Yi Xuehua Wang |
| author_sort | Haijun Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water and nitrogen are the key factors affecting the yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency of double-cropping rice, but information about optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management to achieve high yield is still limited. The purpose was to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates (D1, D2, D3, D4 (0, 112.5, 150.0, and 187.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for early-season rice and 0, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for late-season rice)) and irrigation conditions (G1, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation, G2, flooding irrigation) on rice yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency. Field experiments were carried out in the early and late seasons of the subtropical environment in Heshan County, Hunan Province, China in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the yield was increased by the comprehensive action of reasonable irrigation mode and nitrogen management. Under G1D4 and G1D3 treatments, the maximum grain yield of early-season rice was 7.42 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 0.8~35.9% higher than other treatments, and that of late-season rice was 8.20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 13.3~67.0% higher than other treatments. The increase of yield in G1D4 and G1D3 treatments was due to the increase in dry matter accumulation, effective Panicles number, and Spikelets per panicle, whose increase was due to an increase in photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity. Compared with other treatments, late-season rice G1D3 treatment achieved a higher yield with less nitrogen fertilizer, while early-season rice G1D4 treatment achieved the highest yield, but the nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased. We should focus on more effective nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management to further improve the yield potential of double-cropping rice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:43Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc3b88952de4464b8cfd1a8dd6e5285e2023-11-23T09:44:11ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-05-01125119010.3390/agronomy12051190Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping RiceHaijun Zhu0Ting Zhang1Chunlan Zhang2Xiaoe He3Ailong Shi4Weijian Tan5Zhenxie Yi6Xuehua Wang7Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaAgriculture and Rural Bureau of Huaihua City, Huaihua 418099, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaAgriculture and Rural Bureau of Heshan District, Yiyang 413000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, ChinaWater and nitrogen are the key factors affecting the yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency of double-cropping rice, but information about optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management to achieve high yield is still limited. The purpose was to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates (D1, D2, D3, D4 (0, 112.5, 150.0, and 187.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for early-season rice and 0, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for late-season rice)) and irrigation conditions (G1, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation, G2, flooding irrigation) on rice yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency. Field experiments were carried out in the early and late seasons of the subtropical environment in Heshan County, Hunan Province, China in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the yield was increased by the comprehensive action of reasonable irrigation mode and nitrogen management. Under G1D4 and G1D3 treatments, the maximum grain yield of early-season rice was 7.42 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 0.8~35.9% higher than other treatments, and that of late-season rice was 8.20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 13.3~67.0% higher than other treatments. The increase of yield in G1D4 and G1D3 treatments was due to the increase in dry matter accumulation, effective Panicles number, and Spikelets per panicle, whose increase was due to an increase in photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity. Compared with other treatments, late-season rice G1D3 treatment achieved a higher yield with less nitrogen fertilizer, while early-season rice G1D4 treatment achieved the highest yield, but the nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased. We should focus on more effective nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management to further improve the yield potential of double-cropping rice.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1190irrigation managementnitrogen managementgrain yieldnitrogen use efficiencyphotosynthetic characteristicsdouble-cropping rice |
| spellingShingle | Haijun Zhu Ting Zhang Chunlan Zhang Xiaoe He Ailong Shi Weijian Tan Zhenxie Yi Xuehua Wang Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice Agronomy irrigation management nitrogen management grain yield nitrogen use efficiency photosynthetic characteristics double-cropping rice |
| title | Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice |
| title_full | Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice |
| title_short | Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Management to Increase Yield and Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in Double-Cropping Rice |
| title_sort | optimizing irrigation and nitrogen management to increase yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency in double cropping rice |
| topic | irrigation management nitrogen management grain yield nitrogen use efficiency photosynthetic characteristics double-cropping rice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1190 |
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