EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods to predict and map the concentration of nitrate on the surface water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi. Kedah. Sampling activities were carried using the Niskin Water Sampler and immediately brought into the...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Academia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/joa/article/view/15020 |
| _version_ | 1827278543331000320 |
|---|---|
| author | Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin |
| author_facet | Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin |
| author_sort | Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods to predict and map the concentration of nitrate on the surface water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi. Kedah. Sampling activities were carried using the Niskin Water Sampler and immediately brought into the lab for the determination of the level of nitrate using an Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer and referring to the cadmium reduction method. The geolocations of sampling points were recorded using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS). The training set (50%) and the testing set (50%) were chosen randomly based on 20 sampling points. Two types of spline interpolation methods were compared which were the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods. Evaluation of prediction of models was carried out using the correlation analyses, linear regression analysis and error analyses when comparing the actual and prediction values. Determination of the map accuracy was carried out after inserting map elements. The study found that the tension spline method had a better prediction of the concentration of nitrate. The accuracy of the map was found to be at 90%. The outcome of the study can be used as guidelines by concerned parties to monitor, managed and developed strategic policies for the sustainable development of the coastal water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:05:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc46b62812ba4b3a831d19f0f1f49aa1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2289-6368 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:02:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Academia |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc46b62812ba4b3a831d19f0f1f49aa12024-04-17T16:36:03ZengUniversiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri SembilanJournal of Academia2289-63682022-04-01101107119EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAHSharir Aizat Kamaruddin 0Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MalaysiaThis study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods to predict and map the concentration of nitrate on the surface water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi. Kedah. Sampling activities were carried using the Niskin Water Sampler and immediately brought into the lab for the determination of the level of nitrate using an Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer and referring to the cadmium reduction method. The geolocations of sampling points were recorded using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS). The training set (50%) and the testing set (50%) were chosen randomly based on 20 sampling points. Two types of spline interpolation methods were compared which were the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods. Evaluation of prediction of models was carried out using the correlation analyses, linear regression analysis and error analyses when comparing the actual and prediction values. Determination of the map accuracy was carried out after inserting map elements. The study found that the tension spline method had a better prediction of the concentration of nitrate. The accuracy of the map was found to be at 90%. The outcome of the study can be used as guidelines by concerned parties to monitor, managed and developed strategic policies for the sustainable development of the coastal water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah.https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/joa/article/view/15020interpolationnitrateregularizedsplinetension |
| spellingShingle | Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH Journal of Academia interpolation nitrate regularized spline tension |
| title | EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH |
| title_full | EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH |
| title_fullStr | EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH |
| title_full_unstemmed | EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH |
| title_short | EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE REGULARIZED AND TENSION SPLINE INTERPOLATION METHODS TO ESTIMATE AND MAP THE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE ON THE SURFACE WATER OF PULAU TUBA, LANGKAWI, KEDAH |
| title_sort | evaluating the accuracy of the regularized and tension spline interpolation methods to estimate and map the concentration of nitrate on the surface water of pulau tuba langkawi kedah |
| topic | interpolation nitrate regularized spline tension |
| url | https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/joa/article/view/15020 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shariraizatkamaruddin evaluatingtheaccuracyoftheregularizedandtensionsplineinterpolationmethodstoestimateandmaptheconcentrationofnitrateonthesurfacewaterofpulautubalangkawikedah |