| Summary: | The development of the bioeconomy is driven by various forms of integration. Natural integration involves business combinations and various organizational interactions, such as concerns, transnational companies, and cartels. Disintegration and quasi-integration occur when businesses unbundle, and formal associations are formed with the aim of acquiring control rather than assets of other business entities. Enterprise clusters are a typical example of quasi-integration. These clusters consist of geographically localized and interconnected companies with shared goals and strategies. While the benefits of participating in clusters were evident at the end of the 20th century, it has become clear by the early 21st century that the integration of companies is taking on new hybrid forms, and clusters themselves can undergo significant transformations over a short period. The bioeconomy is widely recognized as a promising approach to conserve Earth’s energy resources. Its main objectives include the development of alternative energy sources, improved energy efficiency, efficient waste utilization, the promotion of renewable energy derived from biomass, greening the industrial sector, enhancing the sustainability of agriculture, producing new food products, advancing medical technologies, and utilizing biotechnologies based on renewable biological raw materials.
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