Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement
Introduction: Memory and cognitive impairments are some of devastating outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) plaques in hippocampus, the gray matter part of the brain. The present study aimed to evaluate the intrahippocampal injection of Ethidium Bromide (EB) as a simple and focal model to assess cogn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iran University of Medical Sciences
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-146-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| _version_ | 1797282047210815488 |
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| author | Mahdi Goudarzvand Samira Choopani Alireza Shams Mohammad Javan Zohreh Khodaii Farhad Ghamsari Naser Naghdi Abbas Piryaei Abbas Haghparast |
| author_facet | Mahdi Goudarzvand Samira Choopani Alireza Shams Mohammad Javan Zohreh Khodaii Farhad Ghamsari Naser Naghdi Abbas Piryaei Abbas Haghparast |
| author_sort | Mahdi Goudarzvand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Memory and cognitive impairments are some of devastating outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) plaques in hippocampus, the gray matter part of the brain. The present study aimed to evaluate the intrahippocampal injection of Ethidium Bromide (EB) as a simple and focal model to assess cognition and gray matter demyelination.
Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, which received saline, as solvent of EB, into the hippocampus and two experimental groups, which received 3 &muL of EB into the hippocampus, and then, were evaluated 7 and 28 days after EB injection (n=10 in each group), using a 5-day protocol of Morris Water Maze (MWM) task as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) assay.
Results: Seven days after EB injection, the behavioral study revealed a significance increase in travelled distance for platform finding in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the nucleus of oligodendrocyte showed the typical clumped chromatin, probably attributed to apoptosis, and the myelin sheaths of some axons were unwrapped and disintegrated. Twentyeight days after EB injection, the traveled distance and the time spent in target quadrant significantly
decreased and increased, respectively in experimental groups compared to the control group. Also, TEM micrographs revealed a thin layer of remyelination around the axons in 28 days lesion group.
Discussion: While intracerebral or intraventricular injection of EB is disseminated in different parts of the brain and can affect the other motor and sensory systems, this model is confined locally and facilitates behavioral study. Also, this project could show improvement of memory function subsequent to the physiological repair of the gray matter of the hippocampus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:06:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc54a1e25fe64cdb9bbe4270024cb6b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-126X 2228-7442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:06:20Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Iran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc54a1e25fe64cdb9bbe4270024cb6b22024-03-03T02:33:20ZengIran University of Medical SciencesBasic and Clinical Neuroscience2008-126X2228-74422016-01-01716373Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its ImprovementMahdi Goudarzvand0Samira Choopani1Alireza Shams2Mohammad Javan3Zohreh Khodaii4Farhad Ghamsari5Naser Naghdi6Abbas Piryaei7Abbas Haghparast8 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Physiology and Pharmacology Dept. Anatomy Dept., Medical School Physiology department, Faculty of medicine, Biochemistry and Nutrition Dept. Alborz University of Medical Sciences Physiology and Pharmacology Dept. Biology and Anatomy Dept. Physiology dept., Faculty of Medicine Introduction: Memory and cognitive impairments are some of devastating outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) plaques in hippocampus, the gray matter part of the brain. The present study aimed to evaluate the intrahippocampal injection of Ethidium Bromide (EB) as a simple and focal model to assess cognition and gray matter demyelination. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, which received saline, as solvent of EB, into the hippocampus and two experimental groups, which received 3 &muL of EB into the hippocampus, and then, were evaluated 7 and 28 days after EB injection (n=10 in each group), using a 5-day protocol of Morris Water Maze (MWM) task as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) assay. Results: Seven days after EB injection, the behavioral study revealed a significance increase in travelled distance for platform finding in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the nucleus of oligodendrocyte showed the typical clumped chromatin, probably attributed to apoptosis, and the myelin sheaths of some axons were unwrapped and disintegrated. Twentyeight days after EB injection, the traveled distance and the time spent in target quadrant significantly decreased and increased, respectively in experimental groups compared to the control group. Also, TEM micrographs revealed a thin layer of remyelination around the axons in 28 days lesion group. Discussion: While intracerebral or intraventricular injection of EB is disseminated in different parts of the brain and can affect the other motor and sensory systems, this model is confined locally and facilitates behavioral study. Also, this project could show improvement of memory function subsequent to the physiological repair of the gray matter of the hippocampus.http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-146-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1Behavior Remyelination Ethidium bromide Hippocampus Rat |
| spellingShingle | Mahdi Goudarzvand Samira Choopani Alireza Shams Mohammad Javan Zohreh Khodaii Farhad Ghamsari Naser Naghdi Abbas Piryaei Abbas Haghparast Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Behavior Remyelination Ethidium bromide Hippocampus Rat |
| title | Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement |
| title_full | Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement |
| title_fullStr | Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement |
| title_short | Focal Injection of Ethidium Bromide as a Simple Model to Study Cognitive Deficit and Its Improvement |
| title_sort | focal injection of ethidium bromide as a simple model to study cognitive deficit and its improvement |
| topic | Behavior Remyelination Ethidium bromide Hippocampus Rat |
| url | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-146-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
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