Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy
A 316L stainless steel (SS) alloy was developed with 1, 3, and 5 vol% titanium (Ti) reinforcement using the powder injection molding route, representing a low-cost option for biomedical implants. The investigation encompassed 1300 °C, 1350 °C, and 1380 °C sintering temperatures to ascertain the opti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030259 |
| _version_ | 1797301486703607808 |
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| author | Chowdhury Ahmed Shahed Faiz Ahmad Ebru Günister Khurram Altaf Saad Ali Abbas Raza Khurshid Malik Waseem Haider |
| author_facet | Chowdhury Ahmed Shahed Faiz Ahmad Ebru Günister Khurram Altaf Saad Ali Abbas Raza Khurshid Malik Waseem Haider |
| author_sort | Chowdhury Ahmed Shahed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 316L stainless steel (SS) alloy was developed with 1, 3, and 5 vol% titanium (Ti) reinforcement using the powder injection molding route, representing a low-cost option for biomedical implants. The investigation encompassed 1300 °C, 1350 °C, and 1380 °C sintering temperatures to ascertain the optimal physical and mechanical properties. Both sintering temperature and Ti influenced sintered density, and Ti mitigated the deleterious effects of residual carbon. At higher sintering temperatures, carbon and silicon tended to migrate and accumulate at the brink of Ti, leading to the formation of intermetallic compounds and increased brittleness. Dispersed Ti particles within the 316L matrix acted as nucleation sites and enhanced solid solubility with improved density. An astounding 96.11 % sintered density was achieved at 3 vol% Ti sample sintered at 1380 °C. During the tensile test, 5 vol% Ti at 1380 °C exhibited a low modulus of 58.9 GPa, which is highly desirable for orthopedic implant application. The XRD, SEM, tensile test, and nano-indentation results collectively provide evidence of beta-titanium formation during the sintering process. Conversely, the sample incorporating 3 vol% titanium, sintered at 1380 °C, demonstrated a balanced performance, showcasing 432.94 ± 12.8 MPa ultimate tensile strength, 3.06 ± 0.17 % elongation, 74.2 GPa modulus, and 322 MPa and 423 MPa 0.2 % offset flexural and compressive yield strengths, respectively. Notably, an improvised wear resistance test underscored its aptitude for sliding wear resistance, solidifying its potential as a promising candidate for biomedical implants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:22:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc5d3d62d1054238ae270aa83a42c4ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:22:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc5d3d62d1054238ae270aa83a42c4ca2024-02-21T05:28:39ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-11-012780088022Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloyChowdhury Ahmed Shahed0Faiz Ahmad1Ebru Günister2Khurram Altaf3Saad Ali4Abbas Raza5Khurshid Malik6Waseem Haider7Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34275, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, MalaysiaSchool of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 S Franklin St, Mt Pleasant, MI, 48859, United StatesA 316L stainless steel (SS) alloy was developed with 1, 3, and 5 vol% titanium (Ti) reinforcement using the powder injection molding route, representing a low-cost option for biomedical implants. The investigation encompassed 1300 °C, 1350 °C, and 1380 °C sintering temperatures to ascertain the optimal physical and mechanical properties. Both sintering temperature and Ti influenced sintered density, and Ti mitigated the deleterious effects of residual carbon. At higher sintering temperatures, carbon and silicon tended to migrate and accumulate at the brink of Ti, leading to the formation of intermetallic compounds and increased brittleness. Dispersed Ti particles within the 316L matrix acted as nucleation sites and enhanced solid solubility with improved density. An astounding 96.11 % sintered density was achieved at 3 vol% Ti sample sintered at 1380 °C. During the tensile test, 5 vol% Ti at 1380 °C exhibited a low modulus of 58.9 GPa, which is highly desirable for orthopedic implant application. The XRD, SEM, tensile test, and nano-indentation results collectively provide evidence of beta-titanium formation during the sintering process. Conversely, the sample incorporating 3 vol% titanium, sintered at 1380 °C, demonstrated a balanced performance, showcasing 432.94 ± 12.8 MPa ultimate tensile strength, 3.06 ± 0.17 % elongation, 74.2 GPa modulus, and 322 MPa and 423 MPa 0.2 % offset flexural and compressive yield strengths, respectively. Notably, an improvised wear resistance test underscored its aptitude for sliding wear resistance, solidifying its potential as a promising candidate for biomedical implants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030259Biomedical implantsBeta titaniumPowder injection moldingTransgranular crackWear resistance316L stainless steel |
| spellingShingle | Chowdhury Ahmed Shahed Faiz Ahmad Ebru Günister Khurram Altaf Saad Ali Abbas Raza Khurshid Malik Waseem Haider Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy Journal of Materials Research and Technology Biomedical implants Beta titanium Powder injection molding Transgranular crack Wear resistance 316L stainless steel |
| title | Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy |
| title_full | Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy |
| title_short | Microstructure and mechanical performance of low-cost biomedical-grade Titanium-316L alloy |
| title_sort | microstructure and mechanical performance of low cost biomedical grade titanium 316l alloy |
| topic | Biomedical implants Beta titanium Powder injection molding Transgranular crack Wear resistance 316L stainless steel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030259 |
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