The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China
Porcine circovirus disease poses a significant threat to the pig farming industry. Globally, four genotypes of porcine circovirus are circulating, with porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3) being most strongly associated with clinical manifestations. The recently discovered porcine circovi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/23/3640 |
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| author | Wenke Lv Lihua Cao Lulu Yang Nina Wang Zhili Li Shujian Huang Feng Wen Jinyue Guo |
| author_facet | Wenke Lv Lihua Cao Lulu Yang Nina Wang Zhili Li Shujian Huang Feng Wen Jinyue Guo |
| author_sort | Wenke Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine circovirus disease poses a significant threat to the pig farming industry. Globally, four genotypes of porcine circovirus are circulating, with porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3) being most strongly associated with clinical manifestations. The recently discovered porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) exhibits clinical symptoms resembling porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCVs in Guangdong province, China. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 193 samples collected from 83 distinct pig farms during the period of 2017–2023. A conventional PCR was employed to investigate the presence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. Among the samples, 56.48%, 8.81%, and 8.81% tested positive for PCV2, PCV3, and PCV2/3 co-infection, respectively. Interestingly, PCV4 was not detected. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 80 PCV2 isolates and 7 PCV3 isolates. A phylo-genetic analysis revealed that 12 strains belonged to PCV2a, 8 strains belonged to PCV2b, and 60 strains belonged to PCV2d, indicating the prevailing presence of PCV2d in Guangdong province, China. Furthermore, two PCV3 isolates were classified as PCV3a and five strains as PCV3b. Notably, an in-depth analysis of the Cap protein sequence of the PCV2 and PCV3 isolates identified high-frequency mutation sites located in predicted epitope regions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and evolution of PCV2 and PCV3 during the period of 2017–2023 in Guangdong province, China, thereby contributing to the development of effective prevention and control measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:56:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc5e7679f34f4dc38b882bbcf07916f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:56:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc5e7679f34f4dc38b882bbcf07916f82023-12-08T15:10:32ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-11-011323364010.3390/ani13233640The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, ChinaWenke Lv0Lihua Cao1Lulu Yang2Nina Wang3Zhili Li4Shujian Huang5Feng Wen6Jinyue Guo7College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, ChinaPorcine circovirus disease poses a significant threat to the pig farming industry. Globally, four genotypes of porcine circovirus are circulating, with porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3) being most strongly associated with clinical manifestations. The recently discovered porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) exhibits clinical symptoms resembling porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCVs in Guangdong province, China. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 193 samples collected from 83 distinct pig farms during the period of 2017–2023. A conventional PCR was employed to investigate the presence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. Among the samples, 56.48%, 8.81%, and 8.81% tested positive for PCV2, PCV3, and PCV2/3 co-infection, respectively. Interestingly, PCV4 was not detected. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 80 PCV2 isolates and 7 PCV3 isolates. A phylo-genetic analysis revealed that 12 strains belonged to PCV2a, 8 strains belonged to PCV2b, and 60 strains belonged to PCV2d, indicating the prevailing presence of PCV2d in Guangdong province, China. Furthermore, two PCV3 isolates were classified as PCV3a and five strains as PCV3b. Notably, an in-depth analysis of the Cap protein sequence of the PCV2 and PCV3 isolates identified high-frequency mutation sites located in predicted epitope regions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and evolution of PCV2 and PCV3 during the period of 2017–2023 in Guangdong province, China, thereby contributing to the development of effective prevention and control measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/23/3640pigsPCV2PCV3prevalencephylo-genetic analysisgenotype |
| spellingShingle | Wenke Lv Lihua Cao Lulu Yang Nina Wang Zhili Li Shujian Huang Feng Wen Jinyue Guo The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China Animals pigs PCV2 PCV3 prevalence phylo-genetic analysis genotype |
| title | The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China |
| title_full | The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China |
| title_fullStr | The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China |
| title_short | The Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circoviruses (PCVs) during 2017–2023 in Guangdong Province, China |
| title_sort | prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses pcvs during 2017 2023 in guangdong province china |
| topic | pigs PCV2 PCV3 prevalence phylo-genetic analysis genotype |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/23/3640 |
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