Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages
In this paper, we present the design of a practical underwater sensor network for offshore fish farm cages. An overview of the current structure of an offshore fish farm, applied sensor network solutions, and their weaknesses are given. A mixed wireless–wired approach is proposed to mitigate the pro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4459 |
| _version_ | 1797559212468862976 |
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| author | Graciela Santana Sosa Judith Santana Abril Javier Sosa Juan-Antonio Montiel-Nelson Tomas Bautista |
| author_facet | Graciela Santana Sosa Judith Santana Abril Javier Sosa Juan-Antonio Montiel-Nelson Tomas Bautista |
| author_sort | Graciela Santana Sosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we present the design of a practical underwater sensor network for offshore fish farm cages. An overview of the current structure of an offshore fish farm, applied sensor network solutions, and their weaknesses are given. A mixed wireless–wired approach is proposed to mitigate the problem of wire breakage in underwater wired sensor networks. The approach is based on the serial arrangement of identical sections with wired and wireless interconnections areas. Wireless section alleviates underwater maintenance operations when cages are damaged. The analytical model of the proposed solution is studied in terms of maximum power transfer efficiency and the general formulas of the current in their transmitting antennas and sensor nodes are provided. Subsequently, based on simulations, the effects of parasitic resistance across the network are evaluated. A practical underwater sensor network to reach the 30 m depth with sensor nodes distanced 6 m is used to determine the proposal compliance with the ISO 11784/11785 HDX standard in its normal operation. Taking into account the cable breakage scenario, the results from experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach to keep running the sensor nodes that are located before the short circuit. Sensor node run time is reduced only 4.07% at most using standard values when a cable breakage occurs at the second deepest section. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:42:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc6142ec6d7841d6a2752a220533a12f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:42:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc6142ec6d7841d6a2752a220533a12f2023-11-20T09:40:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-08-012016445910.3390/s20164459Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm CagesGraciela Santana Sosa0Judith Santana Abril1Javier Sosa2Juan-Antonio Montiel-Nelson3Tomas Bautista4Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstitute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstitute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstitute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstitute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35015 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainIn this paper, we present the design of a practical underwater sensor network for offshore fish farm cages. An overview of the current structure of an offshore fish farm, applied sensor network solutions, and their weaknesses are given. A mixed wireless–wired approach is proposed to mitigate the problem of wire breakage in underwater wired sensor networks. The approach is based on the serial arrangement of identical sections with wired and wireless interconnections areas. Wireless section alleviates underwater maintenance operations when cages are damaged. The analytical model of the proposed solution is studied in terms of maximum power transfer efficiency and the general formulas of the current in their transmitting antennas and sensor nodes are provided. Subsequently, based on simulations, the effects of parasitic resistance across the network are evaluated. A practical underwater sensor network to reach the 30 m depth with sensor nodes distanced 6 m is used to determine the proposal compliance with the ISO 11784/11785 HDX standard in its normal operation. Taking into account the cable breakage scenario, the results from experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach to keep running the sensor nodes that are located before the short circuit. Sensor node run time is reduced only 4.07% at most using standard values when a cable breakage occurs at the second deepest section.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4459Underwater Sensor Network (USN)Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)precision aquacultureoffshore fish farm |
| spellingShingle | Graciela Santana Sosa Judith Santana Abril Javier Sosa Juan-Antonio Montiel-Nelson Tomas Bautista Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages Sensors Underwater Sensor Network (USN) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) precision aquaculture offshore fish farm |
| title | Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages |
| title_full | Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages |
| title_fullStr | Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages |
| title_short | Design of a Practical Underwater Sensor Network for Offshore Fish Farm Cages |
| title_sort | design of a practical underwater sensor network for offshore fish farm cages |
| topic | Underwater Sensor Network (USN) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) precision aquaculture offshore fish farm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4459 |
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