Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale
Biomechanical studies are expanding across a variety of fields, from biomedicine to biomedical engineering. From the molecular to the system level, mechanical stimuli are crucial regulators of the development of organs and tissues, their growth and related processes such as remodelling, regeneration...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1942 |
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| author | Sofia Pettenuzzo Alessandro Arduino Elisa Belluzzi Assunta Pozzuoli Chiara Giulia Fontanella Pietro Ruggieri Valentina Salomoni Carmelo Majorana Alice Berardo |
| author_facet | Sofia Pettenuzzo Alessandro Arduino Elisa Belluzzi Assunta Pozzuoli Chiara Giulia Fontanella Pietro Ruggieri Valentina Salomoni Carmelo Majorana Alice Berardo |
| author_sort | Sofia Pettenuzzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomechanical studies are expanding across a variety of fields, from biomedicine to biomedical engineering. From the molecular to the system level, mechanical stimuli are crucial regulators of the development of organs and tissues, their growth and related processes such as remodelling, regeneration or disease. When dealing with cell mechanics, various experimental techniques have been developed to analyse the passive response of cells; however, cell variability and the extraction process, complex experimental procedures and different models and assumptions may affect the resulting mechanical properties. For these purposes, this review was aimed at collecting the available literature focused on experimental chondrocyte and chondron biomechanics with direct connection to their biochemical functions and activities, in order to point out important information regarding the planning of an experimental test or a comparison with the available results. In particular, this review highlighted (i) the most common experimental techniques used, (ii) the results and models adopted by different authors, (iii) a critical perspective on features that could affect the results and finally (iv) the quantification of structural and mechanical changes due to a degenerative pathology such as osteoarthritis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc668ea6d1a143f69b032236b2e8f029 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc668ea6d1a143f69b032236b2e8f0292023-11-18T18:27:11ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-07-01117194210.3390/biomedicines11071942Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the MicroscaleSofia Pettenuzzo0Alessandro Arduino1Elisa Belluzzi2Assunta Pozzuoli3Chiara Giulia Fontanella4Pietro Ruggieri5Valentina Salomoni6Carmelo Majorana7Alice Berardo8Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyMusculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova (DiSCOG), Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, ItalyMusculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova (DiSCOG), Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova (DiSCOG), 35128 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyBiomechanical studies are expanding across a variety of fields, from biomedicine to biomedical engineering. From the molecular to the system level, mechanical stimuli are crucial regulators of the development of organs and tissues, their growth and related processes such as remodelling, regeneration or disease. When dealing with cell mechanics, various experimental techniques have been developed to analyse the passive response of cells; however, cell variability and the extraction process, complex experimental procedures and different models and assumptions may affect the resulting mechanical properties. For these purposes, this review was aimed at collecting the available literature focused on experimental chondrocyte and chondron biomechanics with direct connection to their biochemical functions and activities, in order to point out important information regarding the planning of an experimental test or a comparison with the available results. In particular, this review highlighted (i) the most common experimental techniques used, (ii) the results and models adopted by different authors, (iii) a critical perspective on features that could affect the results and finally (iv) the quantification of structural and mechanical changes due to a degenerative pathology such as osteoarthritis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1942chondrocytechondronbiomechanicsbiomechanical behaviourcartilageosteoarthritis |
| spellingShingle | Sofia Pettenuzzo Alessandro Arduino Elisa Belluzzi Assunta Pozzuoli Chiara Giulia Fontanella Pietro Ruggieri Valentina Salomoni Carmelo Majorana Alice Berardo Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale Biomedicines chondrocyte chondron biomechanics biomechanical behaviour cartilage osteoarthritis |
| title | Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale |
| title_full | Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale |
| title_fullStr | Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale |
| title_short | Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale |
| title_sort | biomechanics of chondrocytes and chondrons in healthy conditions and osteoarthritis a review of the mechanical characterisations at the microscale |
| topic | chondrocyte chondron biomechanics biomechanical behaviour cartilage osteoarthritis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1942 |
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