Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II)
Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, <i>Candida albicans</i> exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the ph...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/105 |
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| author | Paula V. Cordero María G. Alvarez Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez Daniel A. Heredia Edgardo N. Durantini |
| author_facet | Paula V. Cordero María G. Alvarez Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez Daniel A. Heredia Edgardo N. Durantini |
| author_sort | Paula V. Cordero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, <i>Candida albicans</i> exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the photodynamic inactivation of yeasts is a promising new alternative to eliminate fungal infections. Herein, the photodynamic activity sensitized by a free-base chlorin (TPCF<sub>16</sub>) and its complexes with Zn(II) (ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub>) and Pd(II) (PdTPCF<sub>16</sub>) was investigated in order to eliminate <i>C. albicans</i> under different forms of cell cultures. A decrease in cell survival of more than 5 log was found in planktonic cells incubated with 5 μM TPCF<sub>16</sub> or ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub> upon 15 min of white-light irradiation. The mechanism of action mainly involved a type II pathway in the inactivation of <i>C. albicans</i> cells. In addition, the photodynamic action induced by these chlorins was able to suppress the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> in a culture medium. These photosensitizers were also effective to photoinactivate <i>C. albicans</i> pseudohyphae suspended in PBS. Furthermore, the biofilms of <i>C. albicans</i> that incorporated the chlorins during the proliferation stage were completely eradicated using 5 μM TPCF<sub>16</sub> or ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub> after 60 min of light irradiation. The studies indicated that these chlorins are effective photosensitizing agents to eliminate <i>C. albicans</i> as planktonic cells, pseudohyphae, and biofilms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:48:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:48:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc706a73291841aab73917e33df3130c2023-11-30T20:55:46ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-01-0112110510.3390/antibiotics12010105Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II)Paula V. Cordero0María G. Alvarez1Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez2Daniel A. Heredia3Edgardo N. Durantini4IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, ArgentinaIDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, ArgentinaIDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, ArgentinaIDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, ArgentinaIDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, ArgentinaInvasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, <i>Candida albicans</i> exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the photodynamic inactivation of yeasts is a promising new alternative to eliminate fungal infections. Herein, the photodynamic activity sensitized by a free-base chlorin (TPCF<sub>16</sub>) and its complexes with Zn(II) (ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub>) and Pd(II) (PdTPCF<sub>16</sub>) was investigated in order to eliminate <i>C. albicans</i> under different forms of cell cultures. A decrease in cell survival of more than 5 log was found in planktonic cells incubated with 5 μM TPCF<sub>16</sub> or ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub> upon 15 min of white-light irradiation. The mechanism of action mainly involved a type II pathway in the inactivation of <i>C. albicans</i> cells. In addition, the photodynamic action induced by these chlorins was able to suppress the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> in a culture medium. These photosensitizers were also effective to photoinactivate <i>C. albicans</i> pseudohyphae suspended in PBS. Furthermore, the biofilms of <i>C. albicans</i> that incorporated the chlorins during the proliferation stage were completely eradicated using 5 μM TPCF<sub>16</sub> or ZnTPCF<sub>16</sub> after 60 min of light irradiation. The studies indicated that these chlorins are effective photosensitizing agents to eliminate <i>C. albicans</i> as planktonic cells, pseudohyphae, and biofilms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/105antifungalphotoinactivationchlorin<i>Candida albicans</i>pseudohyphaebiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Paula V. Cordero María G. Alvarez Edwin J. Gonzalez Lopez Daniel A. Heredia Edgardo N. Durantini Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) Antibiotics antifungal photoinactivation chlorin <i>Candida albicans</i> pseudohyphae biofilm |
| title | Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) |
| title_full | Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) |
| title_fullStr | Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) |
| title_short | Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of <i>Candida albicans</i> Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) |
| title_sort | photoinactivation of planktonic cells pseudohyphae and biofilms of i candida albicans i sensitized by a free base chlorin and its metal complexes with zn ii and pd ii |
| topic | antifungal photoinactivation chlorin <i>Candida albicans</i> pseudohyphae biofilm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/105 |
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