Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors, namely temperature and water activity, on genes involved in the regulation of ochratoxin A (OTA) production over time. For this purpose, the previously characterized toxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius Ac29 isolate fro...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-09-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/296 |
| _version_ | 1798041493390229504 |
|---|---|
| author | Iliada K. Lappa Dimosthenis Kizis Efstathios Z. Panagou |
| author_facet | Iliada K. Lappa Dimosthenis Kizis Efstathios Z. Panagou |
| author_sort | Iliada K. Lappa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors, namely temperature and water activity, on genes involved in the regulation of ochratoxin A (OTA) production over time. For this purpose, the previously characterized toxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius Ac29 isolate from Greek vineyards and the A. carbonarius ITEM 5010 reference strain were subjected to combined temperature and water activity (aw) treatments to study OTA production and relative gene expression. The fungal isolates were grown on a synthetic grape juice liquid medium (SGM) under different temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and aw (0.94 and 0.98) regimes. The expression of the AcOTApks, AcOTAnrps, and laeA OTA related genes was investigated using real time PCR. Gene expression was monitored at the same time points, along with fungal biomass and OTA accumulation at three, six and nine days of incubation. In gene expression analysis, stimulation of the biosynthetic genes was observed a few days before any toxin could be detected. This fact may underline a possible early indicator of potential toxin contamination of grapes. However, the transcript levels varied with respect to the different combinations of ecophysiological conditions and time, highlighting a complex regulation of OTA related gene expression of A. carbonarius in the specific medium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc752a6a2b5a40008bcc6fd9aad8e5b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:17Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc752a6a2b5a40008bcc6fd9aad8e5b22022-12-22T04:00:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512017-09-0191029610.3390/toxins9100296toxins9100296Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water ActivityIliada K. Lappa0Dimosthenis Kizis1Efstathios Z. Panagou2Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors, namely temperature and water activity, on genes involved in the regulation of ochratoxin A (OTA) production over time. For this purpose, the previously characterized toxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius Ac29 isolate from Greek vineyards and the A. carbonarius ITEM 5010 reference strain were subjected to combined temperature and water activity (aw) treatments to study OTA production and relative gene expression. The fungal isolates were grown on a synthetic grape juice liquid medium (SGM) under different temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and aw (0.94 and 0.98) regimes. The expression of the AcOTApks, AcOTAnrps, and laeA OTA related genes was investigated using real time PCR. Gene expression was monitored at the same time points, along with fungal biomass and OTA accumulation at three, six and nine days of incubation. In gene expression analysis, stimulation of the biosynthetic genes was observed a few days before any toxin could be detected. This fact may underline a possible early indicator of potential toxin contamination of grapes. However, the transcript levels varied with respect to the different combinations of ecophysiological conditions and time, highlighting a complex regulation of OTA related gene expression of A. carbonarius in the specific medium.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/296Aspergillus carbonariusOTAbiosynthetic genestemperaturewater activitySGM |
| spellingShingle | Iliada K. Lappa Dimosthenis Kizis Efstathios Z. Panagou Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity Toxins Aspergillus carbonarius OTA biosynthetic genes temperature water activity SGM |
| title | Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity |
| title_full | Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity |
| title_short | Monitoring the Temporal Expression of Genes Involved in Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus carbonarius under the Influence of Temperature and Water Activity |
| title_sort | monitoring the temporal expression of genes involved in ochratoxin a production of aspergillus carbonarius under the influence of temperature and water activity |
| topic | Aspergillus carbonarius OTA biosynthetic genes temperature water activity SGM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/296 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iliadaklappa monitoringthetemporalexpressionofgenesinvolvedinochratoxinaproductionofaspergilluscarbonariusundertheinfluenceoftemperatureandwateractivity AT dimostheniskizis monitoringthetemporalexpressionofgenesinvolvedinochratoxinaproductionofaspergilluscarbonariusundertheinfluenceoftemperatureandwateractivity AT efstathioszpanagou monitoringthetemporalexpressionofgenesinvolvedinochratoxinaproductionofaspergilluscarbonariusundertheinfluenceoftemperatureandwateractivity |