Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity
Self-organized criticality has been proposed to be a universal mechanism for the emergence of scale-free dynamics in many complex systems, and possibly in the brain. While such scale-free patterns were identified experimentally in many different types of neural recordings, the biological principles...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.619661/full |
| _version_ | 1818675820349095936 |
|---|---|
| author | Roxana Zeraati Roxana Zeraati Viola Priesemann Viola Priesemann Anna Levina Anna Levina Anna Levina |
| author_facet | Roxana Zeraati Roxana Zeraati Viola Priesemann Viola Priesemann Anna Levina Anna Levina Anna Levina |
| author_sort | Roxana Zeraati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Self-organized criticality has been proposed to be a universal mechanism for the emergence of scale-free dynamics in many complex systems, and possibly in the brain. While such scale-free patterns were identified experimentally in many different types of neural recordings, the biological principles behind their emergence remained unknown. Utilizing different network models and motivated by experimental observations, synaptic plasticity was proposed as a possible mechanism to self-organize brain dynamics toward a critical point. In this review, we discuss how various biologically plausible plasticity rules operating across multiple timescales are implemented in the models and how they alter the network’s dynamical state through modification of number and strength of the connections between the neurons. Some of these rules help to stabilize criticality, some need additional mechanisms to prevent divergence from the critical state. We propose that rules that are capable of bringing the network to criticality can be classified by how long the near-critical dynamics persists after their disabling. Finally, we discuss the role of self-organization and criticality in computation. Overall, the concept of criticality helps to shed light on brain function and self-organization, yet the overall dynamics of living neural networks seem to harnesses not only criticality for computation, but also deviations thereof. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:33:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc77fa8de0a74b8eacb668ea78f74cb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:33:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc77fa8de0a74b8eacb668ea78f74cb22022-12-21T21:56:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2021-04-01910.3389/fphy.2021.619661619661Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic PlasticityRoxana Zeraati0Roxana Zeraati1Viola Priesemann2Viola Priesemann3Anna Levina4Anna Levina5Anna Levina6International Max Planck Research School for the Mechanisms of Mental Function and Dysfunction, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanySelf-organized criticality has been proposed to be a universal mechanism for the emergence of scale-free dynamics in many complex systems, and possibly in the brain. While such scale-free patterns were identified experimentally in many different types of neural recordings, the biological principles behind their emergence remained unknown. Utilizing different network models and motivated by experimental observations, synaptic plasticity was proposed as a possible mechanism to self-organize brain dynamics toward a critical point. In this review, we discuss how various biologically plausible plasticity rules operating across multiple timescales are implemented in the models and how they alter the network’s dynamical state through modification of number and strength of the connections between the neurons. Some of these rules help to stabilize criticality, some need additional mechanisms to prevent divergence from the critical state. We propose that rules that are capable of bringing the network to criticality can be classified by how long the near-critical dynamics persists after their disabling. Finally, we discuss the role of self-organization and criticality in computation. Overall, the concept of criticality helps to shed light on brain function and self-organization, yet the overall dynamics of living neural networks seem to harnesses not only criticality for computation, but also deviations thereof.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.619661/fullself-organized criticalityneuronal avalanchessynaptic plasticitylearningneuronal networkshomeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Roxana Zeraati Roxana Zeraati Viola Priesemann Viola Priesemann Anna Levina Anna Levina Anna Levina Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity Frontiers in Physics self-organized criticality neuronal avalanches synaptic plasticity learning neuronal networks homeostasis |
| title | Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity |
| title_full | Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity |
| title_fullStr | Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity |
| title_short | Self-Organization Toward Criticality by Synaptic Plasticity |
| title_sort | self organization toward criticality by synaptic plasticity |
| topic | self-organized criticality neuronal avalanches synaptic plasticity learning neuronal networks homeostasis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.619661/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT roxanazeraati selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT roxanazeraati selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT violapriesemann selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT violapriesemann selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT annalevina selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT annalevina selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity AT annalevina selforganizationtowardcriticalitybysynapticplasticity |