Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078
Abstract Introduction There is an urgent need to identify men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads to prevent transmission. Though respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) is traditionally used for hard‐to‐reach populations, we compare how RDS and direct recruitment (DR)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of the International AIDS Society |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25798 |
| _version_ | 1828013200916873216 |
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| author | Chris Beyrer Jowanna Malone Stefan Baral Zhe Wang Carlos Del Rio Kenneth H. Mayer D. Scott Batey Jason Farley Theresa Gamble Jill Stanton James P. Hughes Ethan Wilson Risha Irvin Oscar Guevara‐Perez Adam Bocek Josh Bruce Ronald Gaston Vanessa Cummings Robert H. Remien the HPTN 078 Study Team |
| author_facet | Chris Beyrer Jowanna Malone Stefan Baral Zhe Wang Carlos Del Rio Kenneth H. Mayer D. Scott Batey Jason Farley Theresa Gamble Jill Stanton James P. Hughes Ethan Wilson Risha Irvin Oscar Guevara‐Perez Adam Bocek Josh Bruce Ronald Gaston Vanessa Cummings Robert H. Remien the HPTN 078 Study Team |
| author_sort | Chris Beyrer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction There is an urgent need to identify men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads to prevent transmission. Though respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) is traditionally used for hard‐to‐reach populations, we compare how RDS and direct recruitment (DR) perform in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads and identifying MSM with socio‐demographics characteristic of hard‐to‐reach populations. Methods This is a cross‐sectional analysis among 1305 MSM who were recruited from March 2016 to December 2017 for a case management intervention trial (HPTN 078). We recruited participants across four cities using RDS and DR methods: Birmingham, AL; Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; and Boston, MA. Participants completed a socio‐demographic questionnaire and underwent HIV testing. We compare the proportion of MSM with HIV and unsuppressed viral loads (HIV RNA ≥ 1000 copies/ml) based on recruitment method using Pearson chi‐square tests. We also compare differences in race, income, healthcare coverage, education, sexual orientation, hidden sexuality and comfort with participating in the LGBT community between recruitment methods and perform non‐parametric trend tests to see how demographics change across RDS recruitment waves. Results RDS recruited 721 men (55.2%) and DR yielded 584 men (44.8%). Overall, 69% were living with HIV, of whom 18% were not virally suppressed. HIV prevalence was higher among those recruited via DR (84%) compared to RDS (58%), p < 0.0001. Twenty per cent of DR recruits were not virally suppressed compared to 15% of RDS, though this was not significant. DR yielded a significantly higher proportion of Black participants and those with less than a high school diploma. The prevalence of low income, no healthcare coverage, bisexuality and hidden sexuality increased across RDS waves. Conclusions DR was more efficient in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads; however, there was a higher proportion of hard‐to‐reach MSM who were low income, lacked health coverage, were bisexual and were not open with their sexuality in deeper waves of RDS. Researchers should consider supplementing RDS recruitment with DR efforts if aiming to identify MSM with unsuppressed viral loads via RDS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:42:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc7cded04192431fbdf0cce9e7f1ec51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1758-2652 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:42:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the International AIDS Society |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc7cded04192431fbdf0cce9e7f1ec512023-02-17T07:55:39ZengWileyJournal of the International AIDS Society1758-26522021-09-01249n/an/a10.1002/jia2.25798Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078Chris Beyrer0Jowanna Malone1Stefan Baral2Zhe Wang3Carlos Del Rio4Kenneth H. Mayer5D. Scott Batey6Jason Farley7Theresa Gamble8Jill Stanton9James P. Hughes10Ethan Wilson11Risha Irvin12Oscar Guevara‐Perez13Adam Bocek14Josh Bruce15Ronald Gaston16Vanessa Cummings17Robert H. Remien18the HPTN 078 Study Team19Department of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USADepartment of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USADepartment of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USAStatisticalCenter for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention Seattle Washington USADepartment of Epidemiology Emory Center for AIDS Research Atlanta Georgia USABeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USADepartment of Social Work University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USASchool of Nursing Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USAHPTN Leadership and Operations Center FHI 360 Durham North Carolina USAHPTN Leadership and Operations Center FHI 360 Durham North Carolina USADepartment of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle Washington USAStatisticalCenter for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention Seattle Washington USADepartment of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USAThe Fenway Institute Boston Massachusetts USADepartment of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USADepartment of Social Work University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USADepartment of Epidemiology Emory Center for AIDS Research Atlanta Georgia USADepartment of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USAHIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies NY State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University New York New York USADepartment of Epidemiology Center for Public Health and Human Rights Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USAAbstract Introduction There is an urgent need to identify men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads to prevent transmission. Though respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) is traditionally used for hard‐to‐reach populations, we compare how RDS and direct recruitment (DR) perform in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads and identifying MSM with socio‐demographics characteristic of hard‐to‐reach populations. Methods This is a cross‐sectional analysis among 1305 MSM who were recruited from March 2016 to December 2017 for a case management intervention trial (HPTN 078). We recruited participants across four cities using RDS and DR methods: Birmingham, AL; Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; and Boston, MA. Participants completed a socio‐demographic questionnaire and underwent HIV testing. We compare the proportion of MSM with HIV and unsuppressed viral loads (HIV RNA ≥ 1000 copies/ml) based on recruitment method using Pearson chi‐square tests. We also compare differences in race, income, healthcare coverage, education, sexual orientation, hidden sexuality and comfort with participating in the LGBT community between recruitment methods and perform non‐parametric trend tests to see how demographics change across RDS recruitment waves. Results RDS recruited 721 men (55.2%) and DR yielded 584 men (44.8%). Overall, 69% were living with HIV, of whom 18% were not virally suppressed. HIV prevalence was higher among those recruited via DR (84%) compared to RDS (58%), p < 0.0001. Twenty per cent of DR recruits were not virally suppressed compared to 15% of RDS, though this was not significant. DR yielded a significantly higher proportion of Black participants and those with less than a high school diploma. The prevalence of low income, no healthcare coverage, bisexuality and hidden sexuality increased across RDS waves. Conclusions DR was more efficient in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads; however, there was a higher proportion of hard‐to‐reach MSM who were low income, lacked health coverage, were bisexual and were not open with their sexuality in deeper waves of RDS. Researchers should consider supplementing RDS recruitment with DR efforts if aiming to identify MSM with unsuppressed viral loads via RDS.https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25798ARVco‐infectionHIV epidemiologymen who have sex with menrecruitmentviral suppression |
| spellingShingle | Chris Beyrer Jowanna Malone Stefan Baral Zhe Wang Carlos Del Rio Kenneth H. Mayer D. Scott Batey Jason Farley Theresa Gamble Jill Stanton James P. Hughes Ethan Wilson Risha Irvin Oscar Guevara‐Perez Adam Bocek Josh Bruce Ronald Gaston Vanessa Cummings Robert H. Remien the HPTN 078 Study Team Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 Journal of the International AIDS Society ARV co‐infection HIV epidemiology men who have sex with men recruitment viral suppression |
| title | Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 |
| title_full | Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 |
| title_fullStr | Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 |
| title_short | Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard‐to‐reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078 |
| title_sort | comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard to reach men who have sex with men living with hiv with unsuppressed viral loads in four us cities results from hptn 078 |
| topic | ARV co‐infection HIV epidemiology men who have sex with men recruitment viral suppression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25798 |
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