Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1
During the spread of COVID-19, many laboratories used the “<i>Formulation 1</i>” proposed by the World Health Organization to prepare hand sanitizers. Taking into consideration its ingredients and the prolonged use of hand sanitizers, “<i>Formulation 1</i>” (P1) was compared...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/571 |
| _version_ | 1797537350928039936 |
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| author | Francesca Fallica Chiara Leonardi Valeria Toscano Debora Santonocito Paola Leonardi Carmelo Puglia |
| author_facet | Francesca Fallica Chiara Leonardi Valeria Toscano Debora Santonocito Paola Leonardi Carmelo Puglia |
| author_sort | Francesca Fallica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the spread of COVID-19, many laboratories used the “<i>Formulation 1</i>” proposed by the World Health Organization to prepare hand sanitizers. Taking into consideration its ingredients and the prolonged use of hand sanitizers, “<i>Formulation 1</i>” (P1) was compared with two gel formulations (P2 and P3) prepared with the addition of natural emollients and two different viscosity enhancers to define their chemical–physical stability, biocidal efficacy, and in vivo acceptability and tolerability. P1 resulted in the most efficient biocide but was poorly tolerated by the skin and not acceptable in volunteer hedonic evaluation, especially in terms of irritation and drying effect, with an expectable reduction in the compliance. Moreover, its liquid formulation is unpractical and can cause ethanol evaporation. P2 and P3 proved to be both good products regarding pH and alcohol strength values. However, in terms of viscosity, texture, ease of use, and application, P3 seemed to be a better gel product than P2. Moreover, they were well tolerated by the skin, increasing the hydration of the stratum corneum, due to the addition of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> and Aloe vera. Despite a lower ethanol concentration than P1, P2 and P3 also showed a good biocide efficiency, with better results in P2. In conclusion, these gel formulations proved to be more convenient for long-term use with a good balance between efficacy, safety, and compatibility with the skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:14:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc9ac564c3c84cacb5d7effa397b7ce4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:14:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc9ac564c3c84cacb5d7effa397b7ce42023-11-21T15:58:13ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-04-0113457110.3390/pharmaceutics13040571Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1Francesca Fallica0Chiara Leonardi1Valeria Toscano2Debora Santonocito3Paola Leonardi4Carmelo Puglia5Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, ItalyNational Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyResearch & Develepment Department, PLB Cosmetici, Via Collodi 1, 95024 Acireale, ItalyDepartment of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDuring the spread of COVID-19, many laboratories used the “<i>Formulation 1</i>” proposed by the World Health Organization to prepare hand sanitizers. Taking into consideration its ingredients and the prolonged use of hand sanitizers, “<i>Formulation 1</i>” (P1) was compared with two gel formulations (P2 and P3) prepared with the addition of natural emollients and two different viscosity enhancers to define their chemical–physical stability, biocidal efficacy, and in vivo acceptability and tolerability. P1 resulted in the most efficient biocide but was poorly tolerated by the skin and not acceptable in volunteer hedonic evaluation, especially in terms of irritation and drying effect, with an expectable reduction in the compliance. Moreover, its liquid formulation is unpractical and can cause ethanol evaporation. P2 and P3 proved to be both good products regarding pH and alcohol strength values. However, in terms of viscosity, texture, ease of use, and application, P3 seemed to be a better gel product than P2. Moreover, they were well tolerated by the skin, increasing the hydration of the stratum corneum, due to the addition of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> and Aloe vera. Despite a lower ethanol concentration than P1, P2 and P3 also showed a good biocide efficiency, with better results in P2. In conclusion, these gel formulations proved to be more convenient for long-term use with a good balance between efficacy, safety, and compatibility with the skin.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/571COVID-19gel formulationviscosity enhancerskin hydrationbiocide efficiencyhedonic values |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Fallica Chiara Leonardi Valeria Toscano Debora Santonocito Paola Leonardi Carmelo Puglia Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 Pharmaceutics COVID-19 gel formulation viscosity enhancer skin hydration biocide efficiency hedonic values |
| title | Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 |
| title_full | Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 |
| title_short | Assessment of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers for Long-Term Use, Formulated with Addition of Natural Ingredients in Comparison to WHO Formulation 1 |
| title_sort | assessment of alcohol based hand sanitizers for long term use formulated with addition of natural ingredients in comparison to who formulation 1 |
| topic | COVID-19 gel formulation viscosity enhancer skin hydration biocide efficiency hedonic values |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/571 |
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