Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies
Peach orchards are intensively sprayed crops, and alternative methods must be found to replace pesticides. We intend here to evaluate if limiting water and nitrogen (N) supply could be effective in controlling aphid infestation in commercial orchards. N and water supply were therefore either unrestr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1003 |
| _version_ | 1797509959373553664 |
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| author | Marie-Odile Jordan Bruno Hucbourg Aurore Drevet |
| author_facet | Marie-Odile Jordan Bruno Hucbourg Aurore Drevet |
| author_sort | Marie-Odile Jordan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peach orchards are intensively sprayed crops, and alternative methods must be found to replace pesticides. We intend here to evaluate if limiting water and nitrogen (N) supply could be effective in controlling aphid infestation in commercial orchards. N and water supply were therefore either unrestricted or restricted by 30% only for water, or for both water and N, in 2018 and 2019 on trees of two contrasting varieties. Natural infestations (green peach aphid, mealy plum aphid, leaf curl aphid) were monitored regularly at tree and shoot level. Infested and control shoots were compared for their development during the infestation period, their apex concentrations of total N, amino acids, non-structural carbohydrates, and polyphenols at infestation peak. At tree level, limiting both water and N supplies decreased the proportion of infested shoots by 30%, and the number of trees hosting the most harmful specie by 20 to 50%. Limiting only N supplies had almost no effect on infestation severity. At shoot level, the apex N concentration of infested shoots was stable (around 3.2% dry weight) and was found to be independent of treatment, variety, and year. The remaining biochemical variables were not affected by infestation status but by variety and year. Shoot development was only slightly affected by treatment. Aphids colonized the most vigorous shoots, being those with longer apical ramifications in 2018 and higher growth rates in 2019, in comparison with the controls. The differences were, respectively, 40 and 55%. It was concluded that a double restriction in water and N could limit, but not control, aphid infestations in commercial orchards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc9b5767363f438d8c865bc6e508debb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc9b5767363f438d8c865bc6e508debb2023-11-22T23:47:01ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-11-011211100310.3390/insects12111003Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water SuppliesMarie-Odile Jordan0Bruno Hucbourg1Aurore Drevet2INRAE, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Domaine Saint-Paul, Site Agroparc, CEDEX 09, 84914 Avignon, FranceGRCETA de Basse Durance, 2 Route de Mollèges, CEDEX 02, 13210 Saint Rémy de Provence, FranceGRCETA de Basse Durance, 2 Route de Mollèges, CEDEX 02, 13210 Saint Rémy de Provence, FrancePeach orchards are intensively sprayed crops, and alternative methods must be found to replace pesticides. We intend here to evaluate if limiting water and nitrogen (N) supply could be effective in controlling aphid infestation in commercial orchards. N and water supply were therefore either unrestricted or restricted by 30% only for water, or for both water and N, in 2018 and 2019 on trees of two contrasting varieties. Natural infestations (green peach aphid, mealy plum aphid, leaf curl aphid) were monitored regularly at tree and shoot level. Infested and control shoots were compared for their development during the infestation period, their apex concentrations of total N, amino acids, non-structural carbohydrates, and polyphenols at infestation peak. At tree level, limiting both water and N supplies decreased the proportion of infested shoots by 30%, and the number of trees hosting the most harmful specie by 20 to 50%. Limiting only N supplies had almost no effect on infestation severity. At shoot level, the apex N concentration of infested shoots was stable (around 3.2% dry weight) and was found to be independent of treatment, variety, and year. The remaining biochemical variables were not affected by infestation status but by variety and year. Shoot development was only slightly affected by treatment. Aphids colonized the most vigorous shoots, being those with longer apical ramifications in 2018 and higher growth rates in 2019, in comparison with the controls. The differences were, respectively, 40 and 55%. It was concluded that a double restriction in water and N could limit, but not control, aphid infestations in commercial orchards.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1003<i>Myzus persicae</i><i>Myzus varians</i><i>Hyalopterus pruni</i><i>Prunus persica</i>shoot developmentshoot composition |
| spellingShingle | Marie-Odile Jordan Bruno Hucbourg Aurore Drevet Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies Insects <i>Myzus persicae</i> <i>Myzus varians</i> <i>Hyalopterus pruni</i> <i>Prunus persica</i> shoot development shoot composition |
| title | Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies |
| title_full | Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies |
| title_fullStr | Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies |
| title_short | Making the Shift from Research to Commercial Orchards: A Case Study in Aphid–Peach Tree Interactions as Affected by Nitrogen and Water Supplies |
| title_sort | making the shift from research to commercial orchards a case study in aphid peach tree interactions as affected by nitrogen and water supplies |
| topic | <i>Myzus persicae</i> <i>Myzus varians</i> <i>Hyalopterus pruni</i> <i>Prunus persica</i> shoot development shoot composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1003 |
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