Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Increased use of pesticides in conventional agriculture implies potential risks to the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, benthic organisms may be exposed to pesticides via contaminated water and sediment, leading to several potential cascading effects on the food web. The aim of this study was to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320316146 |
| _version_ | 1828890418551455744 |
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| author | Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto Raquel Aparecida Moreira Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii Bianca Veloso Goulart Priscille Dreux Fraga Cassiana Carolina Montagner Michiel Adriaan Daam Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola |
| author_facet | Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto Raquel Aparecida Moreira Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii Bianca Veloso Goulart Priscille Dreux Fraga Cassiana Carolina Montagner Michiel Adriaan Daam Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola |
| author_sort | Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increased use of pesticides in conventional agriculture implies potential risks to the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, benthic organisms may be exposed to pesticides via contaminated water and sediment, leading to several potential cascading effects on the food web. The aim of this study was to assess the functional implications of environmental realistic concentrations of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil (alone and in combination) to the native tropical chironomid Chironomus sancticaroli. These two pesticides are widely applied to different crops and have frequently been detected (together) in surface water bodies in Brazil and elsewhere. Commercial products containing fipronil (Regent® 800WG) and 2,4-D (DMA® 806BR) were evaluated in 8-day toxicity tests for their effects on larval survival, growth (body length and biomass), head capsule width, development, and mentum deformities. Fipronil decreased the larval survival at the highest test concentration and the effective concentrations (EC) after eight days of exposure were: EC10 = 0.48 µg L−1 (0.395–0.565), EC20 = 1.06 µg L−1 (0.607–1.513), and EC50 = 3.70 µg L−1 (1.664–5.736). All sublethal test concentrations of fipronil decreased the larval growth, causing reductions in biomass up to 72%. The two highest test concentrations of fipronil decreased the head capsule width and after exposure to 3.7 µg fipronil L−1, only half of the larvae reached the fourth instar. The incidence of deformities was increased by fipronil in a concentration dependent manner with an increase ranging from 23% to 75%. The highest test concentration of 2.4-D (426 µg L−1) decreased the head capsule width, but larval development was unaffected at all concentrations evaluated. In the mixture tests, antagonism was observed at lower fipronil concentrations and synergism at higher fipronil concentrations for growth. The incidence of deformities rose with increasing fipronil concentrations. The results showed that environmental realistic concentrations of fipronil may have serious ecological implications for C. sancticaroli populations and that a mixture with the herbicide 2,4-D can have synergistic effects, potentiating the risks to the aquatic ecosystem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:58:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dc9c85c196a741b59559def7064fce92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:58:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-dc9c85c196a741b59559def7064fce922022-12-21T23:45:06ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-02-01209111778Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae)Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto0Raquel Aparecida Moreira1Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva2Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii3Bianca Veloso Goulart4Priscille Dreux Fraga5Cassiana Carolina Montagner6Michiel Adriaan Daam7Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola8PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil; Corresponding author.PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilPPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilPPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilAnalytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilPPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilAnalytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilCENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalPPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, BrazilIncreased use of pesticides in conventional agriculture implies potential risks to the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, benthic organisms may be exposed to pesticides via contaminated water and sediment, leading to several potential cascading effects on the food web. The aim of this study was to assess the functional implications of environmental realistic concentrations of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil (alone and in combination) to the native tropical chironomid Chironomus sancticaroli. These two pesticides are widely applied to different crops and have frequently been detected (together) in surface water bodies in Brazil and elsewhere. Commercial products containing fipronil (Regent® 800WG) and 2,4-D (DMA® 806BR) were evaluated in 8-day toxicity tests for their effects on larval survival, growth (body length and biomass), head capsule width, development, and mentum deformities. Fipronil decreased the larval survival at the highest test concentration and the effective concentrations (EC) after eight days of exposure were: EC10 = 0.48 µg L−1 (0.395–0.565), EC20 = 1.06 µg L−1 (0.607–1.513), and EC50 = 3.70 µg L−1 (1.664–5.736). All sublethal test concentrations of fipronil decreased the larval growth, causing reductions in biomass up to 72%. The two highest test concentrations of fipronil decreased the head capsule width and after exposure to 3.7 µg fipronil L−1, only half of the larvae reached the fourth instar. The incidence of deformities was increased by fipronil in a concentration dependent manner with an increase ranging from 23% to 75%. The highest test concentration of 2.4-D (426 µg L−1) decreased the head capsule width, but larval development was unaffected at all concentrations evaluated. In the mixture tests, antagonism was observed at lower fipronil concentrations and synergism at higher fipronil concentrations for growth. The incidence of deformities rose with increasing fipronil concentrations. The results showed that environmental realistic concentrations of fipronil may have serious ecological implications for C. sancticaroli populations and that a mixture with the herbicide 2,4-D can have synergistic effects, potentiating the risks to the aquatic ecosystem.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320316146PesticidesSublethal effectsMentum deformitySynergismLarval growthLarval development |
| spellingShingle | Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto Raquel Aparecida Moreira Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii Bianca Veloso Goulart Priscille Dreux Fraga Cassiana Carolina Montagner Michiel Adriaan Daam Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Pesticides Sublethal effects Mentum deformity Synergism Larval growth Larval development |
| title | Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_full | Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_fullStr | Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_short | Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_sort | impact of 2 4 d and fipronil on the tropical midge chironomus sancticaroli diptera chironomidae |
| topic | Pesticides Sublethal effects Mentum deformity Synergism Larval growth Larval development |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320316146 |
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