Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System
The integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/2/19 |
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| author | Khanh Van Ly David Kamau Murungu Dung Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen |
| author_facet | Khanh Van Ly David Kamau Murungu Dung Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen |
| author_sort | Khanh Van Ly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of sea grape (<i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i>) in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) in the same culture tank. Five treatments were randomly designed in triplicate tanks where shrimp was monocultured (without sea grape) as a control treatment and four polyculture treatments with different seaweed density levels (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) for 56 days. The results showed that polyculture of shrimp and sea grape significantly reduced the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) in the rearing tanks and significantly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the growth rate (6.67–6.76% day<sup>−1</sup>), survival (73.3–78.5%), and production of shrimp (3.44–3.87 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) compared to monoculture (6.24% day<sup>−1</sup>, 54.8%, and 2.02 kg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively). Applying shrimp and sea grape polyculture at a density of 1 kg m<sup>−3</sup> provided a relatively better shrimp performance and feed conversion ratio than other seaweed densities, although not significantly different among polyculture treatments. The findings suggested that sea grape could be used at densities of 0.5–2 kg m<sup>−3</sup> in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp, of which 1 kg m<sup>−3</sup> resulted in higher production and feed efficiency. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:41:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcb7c759d6d74c27b64cb5de746049402023-11-21T18:25:08ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882021-05-01621910.3390/fishes6020019Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture SystemKhanh Van Ly0David Kamau Murungu1Dung Phuong Nguyen2Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen3Department of Coastal Aquaculture, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City 94000, VietnamDepartment of Coastal Aquaculture, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City 94000, VietnamDepartment of Coastal Aquaculture, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City 94000, VietnamDepartment of Coastal Aquaculture, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City 94000, VietnamThe integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of sea grape (<i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i>) in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) in the same culture tank. Five treatments were randomly designed in triplicate tanks where shrimp was monocultured (without sea grape) as a control treatment and four polyculture treatments with different seaweed density levels (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) for 56 days. The results showed that polyculture of shrimp and sea grape significantly reduced the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) in the rearing tanks and significantly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the growth rate (6.67–6.76% day<sup>−1</sup>), survival (73.3–78.5%), and production of shrimp (3.44–3.87 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) compared to monoculture (6.24% day<sup>−1</sup>, 54.8%, and 2.02 kg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively). Applying shrimp and sea grape polyculture at a density of 1 kg m<sup>−3</sup> provided a relatively better shrimp performance and feed conversion ratio than other seaweed densities, although not significantly different among polyculture treatments. The findings suggested that sea grape could be used at densities of 0.5–2 kg m<sup>−3</sup> in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp, of which 1 kg m<sup>−3</sup> resulted in higher production and feed efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/2/19polyculture<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i><i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i>water qualityshrimp performance |
| spellingShingle | Khanh Van Ly David Kamau Murungu Dung Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System Fishes polyculture <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> water quality shrimp performance |
| title | Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System |
| title_full | Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System |
| title_short | Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Polyculture System |
| title_sort | effects of different densities of sea grape i caulerpa lentillifera i on water quality growth and survival of the whiteleg shrimp i litopenaeus vannamei i in polyculture system |
| topic | polyculture <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> water quality shrimp performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/2/19 |
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