Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea
Satellite-based observations of primary production (PP) are broadly used to assess carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton in the global ocean with small spatiotemporal limitations. However, the remote sensing can only reach the ocean surface, the assumption of a PP vertically exponential decrease wit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.747763/full |
| _version_ | 1818887547952037888 |
|---|---|
| author | Yung-Yen Shih Yung-Yen Shih Fuh-Kwo Shiah Chao-Chen Lai Wen-Chen Chou Wen-Chen Chou Jen-Hua Tai Yu-Shun Wu Cheng-Yang Lai Chia-Ying Ko Chin-Chang Hung |
| author_facet | Yung-Yen Shih Yung-Yen Shih Fuh-Kwo Shiah Chao-Chen Lai Wen-Chen Chou Wen-Chen Chou Jen-Hua Tai Yu-Shun Wu Cheng-Yang Lai Chia-Ying Ko Chin-Chang Hung |
| author_sort | Yung-Yen Shih |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Satellite-based observations of primary production (PP) are broadly used to assess carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton in the global ocean with small spatiotemporal limitations. However, the remote sensing can only reach the ocean surface, the assumption of a PP vertically exponential decrease with increasing depth from the surface to the bottom of euphotic zone may cause a substantial and potential discrepancy between in situ measurements and satellite-based observations of PP. This study compared euphotic zone integrated PP derived from measurements based on ship-based in situ incubation (i.e., PPin situ) and those derived from the satellite-based vertically generalized production model (VGPM; PPVGPM) for the period 2003∼2016 at the South East Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) station. PP values obtained during the NE-monsoon (NEM: Nov∼Mar; PPin situ = 323 ± 134; PPVGPM = 443 ± 142 mg-C m–2 d–1) were ∼2-fold higher than those recorded during the SW-monsoon (SWM: Apr∼Oct; PPin situ = 159 ± 58; PPVGPM = 250 ± 36 mg-C m–2 d–1), regardless of the method used for derivation. The main reason for the higher PP values during the NEM appears to have been a greater abundance of inorganic nutrients were made available by vertical advection. Note that on average, PPin situ estimates were ∼50% lower than PPVGPM estimates, regardless of the monsoon. These discrepancies can be mainly attributed to differences from the euphotic zone depth between satellite-based and in situ measurements. The significantly negative relationship between PP measurements obtained in situ and sea surface temperatures observed throughout this study demonstrates that both methods are effective indicators in estimating PP. Overall, our PPin situ analysis indicates that a warming climate is unfavorable for primary production in low-latitude open ocean ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:38:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dcbdff7905654765aaea6a9ee3f45c85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:38:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcbdff7905654765aaea6a9ee3f45c852022-12-21T20:13:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-10-01810.3389/fmars.2021.747763747763Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China SeaYung-Yen Shih0Yung-Yen Shih1Fuh-Kwo Shiah2Chao-Chen Lai3Wen-Chen Chou4Wen-Chen Chou5Jen-Hua Tai6Yu-Shun Wu7Cheng-Yang Lai8Chia-Ying Ko9Chin-Chang Hung10Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, TaiwanCenter of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, TaiwanResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanSatellite-based observations of primary production (PP) are broadly used to assess carbon fixation rate of phytoplankton in the global ocean with small spatiotemporal limitations. However, the remote sensing can only reach the ocean surface, the assumption of a PP vertically exponential decrease with increasing depth from the surface to the bottom of euphotic zone may cause a substantial and potential discrepancy between in situ measurements and satellite-based observations of PP. This study compared euphotic zone integrated PP derived from measurements based on ship-based in situ incubation (i.e., PPin situ) and those derived from the satellite-based vertically generalized production model (VGPM; PPVGPM) for the period 2003∼2016 at the South East Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) station. PP values obtained during the NE-monsoon (NEM: Nov∼Mar; PPin situ = 323 ± 134; PPVGPM = 443 ± 142 mg-C m–2 d–1) were ∼2-fold higher than those recorded during the SW-monsoon (SWM: Apr∼Oct; PPin situ = 159 ± 58; PPVGPM = 250 ± 36 mg-C m–2 d–1), regardless of the method used for derivation. The main reason for the higher PP values during the NEM appears to have been a greater abundance of inorganic nutrients were made available by vertical advection. Note that on average, PPin situ estimates were ∼50% lower than PPVGPM estimates, regardless of the monsoon. These discrepancies can be mainly attributed to differences from the euphotic zone depth between satellite-based and in situ measurements. The significantly negative relationship between PP measurements obtained in situ and sea surface temperatures observed throughout this study demonstrates that both methods are effective indicators in estimating PP. Overall, our PPin situ analysis indicates that a warming climate is unfavorable for primary production in low-latitude open ocean ecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.747763/fullcarbon fixation rateremote sensingtime-series studyglobal warminglow-latitude oceanVGPM |
| spellingShingle | Yung-Yen Shih Yung-Yen Shih Fuh-Kwo Shiah Chao-Chen Lai Wen-Chen Chou Wen-Chen Chou Jen-Hua Tai Yu-Shun Wu Cheng-Yang Lai Chia-Ying Ko Chin-Chang Hung Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea Frontiers in Marine Science carbon fixation rate remote sensing time-series study global warming low-latitude ocean VGPM |
| title | Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea |
| title_full | Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea |
| title_short | Comparison of Primary Production Using in situ and Satellite-Derived Values at the SEATS Station in the South China Sea |
| title_sort | comparison of primary production using in situ and satellite derived values at the seats station in the south china sea |
| topic | carbon fixation rate remote sensing time-series study global warming low-latitude ocean VGPM |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.747763/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yungyenshih comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT yungyenshih comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT fuhkwoshiah comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT chaochenlai comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT wenchenchou comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT wenchenchou comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT jenhuatai comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT yushunwu comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT chengyanglai comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT chiayingko comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea AT chinchanghung comparisonofprimaryproductionusinginsituandsatellitederivedvaluesattheseatsstationinthesouthchinasea |