Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies and has a relatively poor outcome worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and processes of BCa development and progression remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify candidate genes in the carcinogenesis a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/66 |
| _version_ | 1817992677290934272 |
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| author | Chuan Zhang Mandy Berndt-Paetz Jochen Neuhaus |
| author_facet | Chuan Zhang Mandy Berndt-Paetz Jochen Neuhaus |
| author_sort | Chuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies and has a relatively poor outcome worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and processes of BCa development and progression remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of BCa. Five GEO datasets and TCGA-BLCA datasets were analyzed by statistical software R, FUNRICH, Cytoscape, and online instruments to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), to construct protein‒protein interaction networks (PPIs) and perform functional enrichment analysis and survival analyses. In total, we found 418 DEGs. We found 14 hub genes, and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEG enrichment in networks and pathways related to cell cycle and proliferation, but also in cell movement, receptor signaling, and viral carcinogenesis. Compared with noncancerous tissues, TPM1, CRYAB, and CASQ2 were significantly downregulated in BCa, and the other hub genes were significant upregulated. Furthermore, MAD2L1 and CASQ2 potentially play a pivotal role in lymph nodal metastasis. CRYAB and CASQ2 were both significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The present study highlights an up to now unrecognized possible role of CASQ2 in cancer (BCa). Furthermore, CRYAB has never been described in BCa, but our study suggests that it may also be a candidate biomarker in BCa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:29:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dcbf874fa23a46ea99f899092376f95a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:29:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcbf874fa23a46ea99f899092376f95a2022-12-22T02:20:16ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-01-011026610.3390/diagnostics10020066diagnostics10020066Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics AnalysisChuan Zhang0Mandy Berndt-Paetz1Jochen Neuhaus2Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyBladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies and has a relatively poor outcome worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and processes of BCa development and progression remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of BCa. Five GEO datasets and TCGA-BLCA datasets were analyzed by statistical software R, FUNRICH, Cytoscape, and online instruments to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), to construct protein‒protein interaction networks (PPIs) and perform functional enrichment analysis and survival analyses. In total, we found 418 DEGs. We found 14 hub genes, and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEG enrichment in networks and pathways related to cell cycle and proliferation, but also in cell movement, receptor signaling, and viral carcinogenesis. Compared with noncancerous tissues, TPM1, CRYAB, and CASQ2 were significantly downregulated in BCa, and the other hub genes were significant upregulated. Furthermore, MAD2L1 and CASQ2 potentially play a pivotal role in lymph nodal metastasis. CRYAB and CASQ2 were both significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The present study highlights an up to now unrecognized possible role of CASQ2 in cancer (BCa). Furthermore, CRYAB has never been described in BCa, but our study suggests that it may also be a candidate biomarker in BCa.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/66bladder cancerbioinformatics analysisdifferentially expressed genestcga-blca databasegeo databases |
| spellingShingle | Chuan Zhang Mandy Berndt-Paetz Jochen Neuhaus Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis Diagnostics bladder cancer bioinformatics analysis differentially expressed genes tcga-blca database geo databases |
| title | Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis |
| title_full | Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis |
| title_short | Identification of Key Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Bioinformatics Analysis |
| title_sort | identification of key biomarkers in bladder cancer evidence from a bioinformatics analysis |
| topic | bladder cancer bioinformatics analysis differentially expressed genes tcga-blca database geo databases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/66 |
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