The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus.
The placenta is the exchange organ that regulates metabolic processes between the mother and her developing fetus. The adequate function of this organ is clearly vital for a physiologic gestational process and a healthy baby as final outcome. The umbilico-placental vasculature has the capacity to re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2014.00149/full |
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| author | Emilio A Herrera Emilio A Herrera Bernardo J Krause Germán eEbensperger Roberto V. Reyes Paola eCasanello Paola eCasanello Mauro eParra-Cordero Anibal J. Llanos Anibal J. Llanos |
| author_facet | Emilio A Herrera Emilio A Herrera Bernardo J Krause Germán eEbensperger Roberto V. Reyes Paola eCasanello Paola eCasanello Mauro eParra-Cordero Anibal J. Llanos Anibal J. Llanos |
| author_sort | Emilio A Herrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The placenta is the exchange organ that regulates metabolic processes between the mother and her developing fetus. The adequate function of this organ is clearly vital for a physiologic gestational process and a healthy baby as final outcome. The umbilico-placental vasculature has the capacity to respond to variations in the materno-fetal milieu. Depending on the intensity and the extensity of the insult, these responses may be immediate-, mediate- and long-lasting, deriving in potential morphostructural and functional changes later in life. These adjustments usually compensate the initial insults, but occasionally may switch to long-lasting remodeling and dysfunctional processes, arising maladaptation. One of the most challenging conditions in modern perinatology is hypoxia and oxidative stress during development, both disorders occurring in high-altitude and in low-altitude placental insufficiency. Hypoxia and oxidative stress may induce endothelial dysfunction and thus, reduction in the perfusion of the placenta and restriction in the fetal growth and development. This Review will focus on placental responses to hypoxic conditions, usually related with high-altitude and placental insufficiency, deriving in oxidative stress and vascular disorders, altering fetal and maternal health. Although day-to-day clinical practice, basic and clinical research are clearly providing evidence of the severe impact of oxygen deficiency and oxidative stress establishment during pregnancy, further research on umbilical and placental vascular function under these conditions is badly needed to clarify the myriad of questions still unsettled. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:14:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dcc6193965b34f6c9b38f989a438ff65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:14:08Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcc6193965b34f6c9b38f989a438ff652022-12-22T01:25:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122014-06-01510.3389/fphar.2014.0014993513The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus.Emilio A Herrera0Emilio A Herrera1Bernardo J Krause2Germán eEbensperger3Roberto V. Reyes4Paola eCasanello5Paola eCasanello6Mauro eParra-Cordero7Anibal J. Llanos8Anibal J. Llanos9Universidad de ChileUniversidad de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileUniversidad de ChileUniversidad de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileUniversidad de ChileUniversidad de ChileUniversidad de ChileThe placenta is the exchange organ that regulates metabolic processes between the mother and her developing fetus. The adequate function of this organ is clearly vital for a physiologic gestational process and a healthy baby as final outcome. The umbilico-placental vasculature has the capacity to respond to variations in the materno-fetal milieu. Depending on the intensity and the extensity of the insult, these responses may be immediate-, mediate- and long-lasting, deriving in potential morphostructural and functional changes later in life. These adjustments usually compensate the initial insults, but occasionally may switch to long-lasting remodeling and dysfunctional processes, arising maladaptation. One of the most challenging conditions in modern perinatology is hypoxia and oxidative stress during development, both disorders occurring in high-altitude and in low-altitude placental insufficiency. Hypoxia and oxidative stress may induce endothelial dysfunction and thus, reduction in the perfusion of the placenta and restriction in the fetal growth and development. This Review will focus on placental responses to hypoxic conditions, usually related with high-altitude and placental insufficiency, deriving in oxidative stress and vascular disorders, altering fetal and maternal health. Although day-to-day clinical practice, basic and clinical research are clearly providing evidence of the severe impact of oxygen deficiency and oxidative stress establishment during pregnancy, further research on umbilical and placental vascular function under these conditions is badly needed to clarify the myriad of questions still unsettled.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2014.00149/fullOxidative StressPlacentahypoxiaVascular Dysfunctionhigh-altitude |
| spellingShingle | Emilio A Herrera Emilio A Herrera Bernardo J Krause Germán eEbensperger Roberto V. Reyes Paola eCasanello Paola eCasanello Mauro eParra-Cordero Anibal J. Llanos Anibal J. Llanos The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. Frontiers in Pharmacology Oxidative Stress Placenta hypoxia Vascular Dysfunction high-altitude |
| title | The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. |
| title_full | The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. |
| title_fullStr | The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. |
| title_short | The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. |
| title_sort | placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus |
| topic | Oxidative Stress Placenta hypoxia Vascular Dysfunction high-altitude |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2014.00149/full |
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