Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue
<i>Astragalus radix (radix)</i> have been frequently used for clinical application in China, and the herb residues of <i>radix</i> turn out to be a waste of resources. To escape from this, the medicine value of <i>radix</i> herb residues is mined in this article....
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3644 |
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| author | Ke Li Shuying Li Di Wang Xiaoxia Li Xingkang Wu Xiaojie Liu Guanhua Du Xianrong Li Xuemei Qin Yuguang Du |
| author_facet | Ke Li Shuying Li Di Wang Xiaoxia Li Xingkang Wu Xiaojie Liu Guanhua Du Xianrong Li Xuemei Qin Yuguang Du |
| author_sort | Ke Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Astragalus radix (radix)</i> have been frequently used for clinical application in China, and the herb residues of <i>radix</i> turn out to be a waste of resources. To escape from this, the medicine value of <i>radix</i> herb residues is mined in this article. We isolated hemicellulose polysaccharide AX-I-3b from <i>radix</i> herb residues by fractional extraction. Monosaccharide-composition analysis revealed that AX-I-3b consisted of arabinose, xylose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 10.4:79.3:1.1. Methylation, NMR and FT-IR analyses showed that AX-I-3b monosaccharide residue was linked as follows: →2,3,4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Xylp-(1→, →4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Arap-(1→, →4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp-(1→. Then, we found that AX-I-3b exhibited antitumor activity against lung cancer in vitro and vivo through MTT assay and xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, AX-I-3b induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors, which is evidenced by the up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, AX-I-3b synergistically improved the therapeutic ability of cisplatin in xenograft tumors model. Furthermore, AX-I-3b treatment effectively improved the immune organ index, the percentage of spleen lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels in lung cancer mice, supporting that AX-I-3b showed immunomodulatory activity. In conclusion, our results identified AX-I-3b as an antitumor and immunomodulatory agent, providing a new insight into the reutilization of <i>radix</i> herb residue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:24:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dccd6054de6148cb889ab77d4500c5be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:24:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-dccd6054de6148cb889ab77d4500c5be2022-12-22T01:25:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-10-012420364410.3390/molecules24203644molecules24203644Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb ResidueKe Li0Shuying Li1Di Wang2Xiaoxia Li3Xingkang Wu4Xiaojie Liu5Guanhua Du6Xianrong Li7Xuemei Qin8Yuguang Du9Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaModern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaModern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaShanxi Fruit Industry Work Station, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaModern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaModern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, ChinaShanxi Jianshuo Food and Drug Research Institute Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, ChinaModern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaInstitute of process engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China<i>Astragalus radix (radix)</i> have been frequently used for clinical application in China, and the herb residues of <i>radix</i> turn out to be a waste of resources. To escape from this, the medicine value of <i>radix</i> herb residues is mined in this article. We isolated hemicellulose polysaccharide AX-I-3b from <i>radix</i> herb residues by fractional extraction. Monosaccharide-composition analysis revealed that AX-I-3b consisted of arabinose, xylose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 10.4:79.3:1.1. Methylation, NMR and FT-IR analyses showed that AX-I-3b monosaccharide residue was linked as follows: →2,3,4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Xylp-(1→, →4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Arap-(1→, →4)-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Glcp-(1→. Then, we found that AX-I-3b exhibited antitumor activity against lung cancer in vitro and vivo through MTT assay and xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, AX-I-3b induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors, which is evidenced by the up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, AX-I-3b synergistically improved the therapeutic ability of cisplatin in xenograft tumors model. Furthermore, AX-I-3b treatment effectively improved the immune organ index, the percentage of spleen lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels in lung cancer mice, supporting that AX-I-3b showed immunomodulatory activity. In conclusion, our results identified AX-I-3b as an antitumor and immunomodulatory agent, providing a new insight into the reutilization of <i>radix</i> herb residue.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3644<i>astragalus radix</i> herb residuehemicellulose polysaccharidecharacterizationantitumorimmunomodulatory |
| spellingShingle | Ke Li Shuying Li Di Wang Xiaoxia Li Xingkang Wu Xiaojie Liu Guanhua Du Xianrong Li Xuemei Qin Yuguang Du Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue Molecules <i>astragalus radix</i> herb residue hemicellulose polysaccharide characterization antitumor immunomodulatory |
| title | Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue |
| title_full | Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue |
| title_fullStr | Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue |
| title_short | Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from <i>Astragalus radix</i> Herb Residue |
| title_sort | extraction characterization antitumor and immunological activities of hemicellulose polysaccharide from i astragalus radix i herb residue |
| topic | <i>astragalus radix</i> herb residue hemicellulose polysaccharide characterization antitumor immunomodulatory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/20/3644 |
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