Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon
Abstract Predation and mortality are often difficult to estimate in the ocean, which hampers the management and conservation of marine fishes. We used data from pop-up satellite archival tags to investigate the ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) released from 12 riv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44041-5 |
| _version_ | 1818345809852235776 |
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| author | John Fredrik Strøm Audun Håvard Rikardsen Steven E. Campana David Righton Jonathan Carr Kim Aarestrup Michael J. W. Stokesbury Patrick Gargan Pablo Caballero Javierre Eva Bonsak Thorstad |
| author_facet | John Fredrik Strøm Audun Håvard Rikardsen Steven E. Campana David Righton Jonathan Carr Kim Aarestrup Michael J. W. Stokesbury Patrick Gargan Pablo Caballero Javierre Eva Bonsak Thorstad |
| author_sort | John Fredrik Strøm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Predation and mortality are often difficult to estimate in the ocean, which hampers the management and conservation of marine fishes. We used data from pop-up satellite archival tags to investigate the ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) released from 12 rivers flowing into the North Atlantic Ocean. Data from 156 tagged fish revealed 22 definite predation events (14%) and 38 undetermined mortalities (24%). Endothermic fish were the most common predators (n = 13), with most of these predation events occurring in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from the Bay of Biscay to the Irish Shelf. Predation by marine mammals, most likely large deep-diving toothed whales (n = 5), and large ectothermic fish (n = 4) were less frequent. Both the estimated predation rates (ZP) and total mortality rates (ZM) where higher for Atlantic salmon from Canada, Ireland, and Spain (ZP = 0.60–1.32 y−1, ZM = 1.73–3.08 y−1) than from Denmark and Norway (ZP = 0–0.13 y−1, ZM = 0.19–1.03 y−1). This geographical variation in ocean mortality correlates with ongoing population declines, which are more profound for southern populations, indicating that low ocean survival of adults may act as an additional stressor to already vulnerable populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:08:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dce82d5983424367967af240fc1a2bb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:08:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-dce82d5983424367967af240fc1a2bb22022-12-21T23:37:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222019-05-019111110.1038/s41598-019-44041-5Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmonJohn Fredrik Strøm0Audun Håvard Rikardsen1Steven E. Campana2David Righton3Jonathan Carr4Kim Aarestrup5Michael J. W. Stokesbury6Patrick Gargan7Pablo Caballero Javierre8Eva Bonsak Thorstad9Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayLife and Environmental Science, University of IcelandCentre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Atlantic Salmon FederationNational Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of DenmarkDepartment of Biology, Acadia UniversityInland Fisheries IrelandServicio de Conservación de la Naturaleza de PontevedraDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayAbstract Predation and mortality are often difficult to estimate in the ocean, which hampers the management and conservation of marine fishes. We used data from pop-up satellite archival tags to investigate the ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) released from 12 rivers flowing into the North Atlantic Ocean. Data from 156 tagged fish revealed 22 definite predation events (14%) and 38 undetermined mortalities (24%). Endothermic fish were the most common predators (n = 13), with most of these predation events occurring in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from the Bay of Biscay to the Irish Shelf. Predation by marine mammals, most likely large deep-diving toothed whales (n = 5), and large ectothermic fish (n = 4) were less frequent. Both the estimated predation rates (ZP) and total mortality rates (ZM) where higher for Atlantic salmon from Canada, Ireland, and Spain (ZP = 0.60–1.32 y−1, ZM = 1.73–3.08 y−1) than from Denmark and Norway (ZP = 0–0.13 y−1, ZM = 0.19–1.03 y−1). This geographical variation in ocean mortality correlates with ongoing population declines, which are more profound for southern populations, indicating that low ocean survival of adults may act as an additional stressor to already vulnerable populations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44041-5 |
| spellingShingle | John Fredrik Strøm Audun Håvard Rikardsen Steven E. Campana David Righton Jonathan Carr Kim Aarestrup Michael J. W. Stokesbury Patrick Gargan Pablo Caballero Javierre Eva Bonsak Thorstad Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon Scientific Reports |
| title | Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon |
| title_full | Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon |
| title_fullStr | Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon |
| title_short | Ocean predation and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon |
| title_sort | ocean predation and mortality of adult atlantic salmon |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44041-5 |
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