Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review
Background Individuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges fac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Pediatric Society
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00479.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818199521073561600 |
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| author | Preyal D. Jain Akshatha Nayak Shreekanth D. Karnad Kaiorisa N. Doctor |
| author_facet | Preyal D. Jain Akshatha Nayak Shreekanth D. Karnad Kaiorisa N. Doctor |
| author_sort | Preyal D. Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Individuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges faced by children with Down syndrome. These individuals also present with balance dysfunctions. Purpose This systematic review aims to describe the motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods We searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Wiley, and EBSCO databases for observational studies evaluating the motor abilities and balance performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The review was registered on PROSPERO. Results A total of 1,096 articles were retrieved; after careful screening and scrutinizing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review. Overall, the children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed delays and dysfunction in performing various activities such as sitting, pulling to stand, standing, and walking. They also presented with compensatory mechanisms to maintain their equilibrium in static and dynamic activities. Conclusion The motor development of children with Down syndrome is significantly delayed due to structural differences in the brain. These individuals have inefficient compensatory strategies like increasing step width, increasing frequency of mediolateral center of pressure displacement, decreasing anteroposterior displacement, increasing trunk stiffness, and increasing posterior trunk displacement to maintain equilibrium. Down syndrome presents with interindividual variations; therefore, a thorough evaluation is required before a structured intervention is developed to improve motor and balance dysfunction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:23:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dce9d777173f416a89c010e94284a1bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2713-4148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:23:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Pediatric Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-dce9d777173f416a89c010e94284a1bd2022-12-22T00:41:37ZengThe Korean Pediatric SocietyClinical and Experimental Pediatrics2713-41482022-03-0165314214910.3345/cep.2021.0047920125555449Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic reviewPreyal D. Jain0Akshatha Nayak1Shreekanth D. Karnad2Kaiorisa N. Doctor3 Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaBackground Individuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges faced by children with Down syndrome. These individuals also present with balance dysfunctions. Purpose This systematic review aims to describe the motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods We searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Wiley, and EBSCO databases for observational studies evaluating the motor abilities and balance performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The review was registered on PROSPERO. Results A total of 1,096 articles were retrieved; after careful screening and scrutinizing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review. Overall, the children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed delays and dysfunction in performing various activities such as sitting, pulling to stand, standing, and walking. They also presented with compensatory mechanisms to maintain their equilibrium in static and dynamic activities. Conclusion The motor development of children with Down syndrome is significantly delayed due to structural differences in the brain. These individuals have inefficient compensatory strategies like increasing step width, increasing frequency of mediolateral center of pressure displacement, decreasing anteroposterior displacement, increasing trunk stiffness, and increasing posterior trunk displacement to maintain equilibrium. Down syndrome presents with interindividual variations; therefore, a thorough evaluation is required before a structured intervention is developed to improve motor and balance dysfunction.http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00479.pdfbalancedevelopmentdown syndromemotor function |
| spellingShingle | Preyal D. Jain Akshatha Nayak Shreekanth D. Karnad Kaiorisa N. Doctor Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics balance development down syndrome motor function |
| title | Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review |
| title_full | Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review |
| title_short | Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review |
| title_sort | gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with down syndrome a systematic review |
| topic | balance development down syndrome motor function |
| url | http://www.e-cep.org/upload/pdf/cep-2021-00479.pdf |
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