Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry
Cerebrosides (Crb; including glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) are structurally complex lipids found in many eukaryotic cell membranes, where they play important roles in cell growth, apoptosis, cell recognition and signaling. They are also found in mammalian mil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4024 |
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| author | Lin Ma Bertram Y. Fong Alastair K. H. MacGibbon Gillian Norris |
| author_facet | Lin Ma Bertram Y. Fong Alastair K. H. MacGibbon Gillian Norris |
| author_sort | Lin Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cerebrosides (Crb; including glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) are structurally complex lipids found in many eukaryotic cell membranes, where they play important roles in cell growth, apoptosis, cell recognition and signaling. They are also found in mammalian milk as part of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), making milk an important dietary component for the rapidly growing infant. This study reports the development of a robust analytical method for the identification and characterization of 44 Crb and 23 LacCer molecular species in milk, using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in data-dependent acquisition mode. For the first time, it also compares the distributions of these species in human and bovine milks, a commercial MFGM-enriched dairy ingredient (MFGM Lipid 100) and commercial standards purified from bovine milk. A method for quantifying Crb and LacCer in milk using mass spectrometry in neutral loss scan mode was developed and validated for human milk, bovine milk and MFGM Lipid 100. Human milk was found to contain approximately 9.9–17.4 µg Crb/mL and 1.3–3.0 µg LacCer/mL, whereas bovine milk (pooled milk from a Friesian herd) contained 9.8–12.0 and 14.3–16.2 µg/mL of these lipids, respectively. The process used to produce MFGM Lipid 100 was shown to have enriched these components to 448 and 1036 µg/g, respectively. No significant changes in the concentrations of both Crb and LacCer were observed during lactation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:36:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dcf17facf113483481515f6e7e2d83d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:36:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcf17facf113483481515f6e7e2d83d82023-11-20T12:27:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-09-012517402410.3390/molecules25174024Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass SpectrometryLin Ma0Bertram Y. Fong1Alastair K. H. MacGibbon2Gillian Norris3Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandCerebrosides (Crb; including glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) are structurally complex lipids found in many eukaryotic cell membranes, where they play important roles in cell growth, apoptosis, cell recognition and signaling. They are also found in mammalian milk as part of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), making milk an important dietary component for the rapidly growing infant. This study reports the development of a robust analytical method for the identification and characterization of 44 Crb and 23 LacCer molecular species in milk, using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in data-dependent acquisition mode. For the first time, it also compares the distributions of these species in human and bovine milks, a commercial MFGM-enriched dairy ingredient (MFGM Lipid 100) and commercial standards purified from bovine milk. A method for quantifying Crb and LacCer in milk using mass spectrometry in neutral loss scan mode was developed and validated for human milk, bovine milk and MFGM Lipid 100. Human milk was found to contain approximately 9.9–17.4 µg Crb/mL and 1.3–3.0 µg LacCer/mL, whereas bovine milk (pooled milk from a Friesian herd) contained 9.8–12.0 and 14.3–16.2 µg/mL of these lipids, respectively. The process used to produce MFGM Lipid 100 was shown to have enriched these components to 448 and 1036 µg/g, respectively. No significant changes in the concentrations of both Crb and LacCer were observed during lactation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4024high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometryglucosylceramidegalactosylceramidelactosylceramidebovine milkhuman milk |
| spellingShingle | Lin Ma Bertram Y. Fong Alastair K. H. MacGibbon Gillian Norris Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry Molecules high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry glucosylceramide galactosylceramide lactosylceramide bovine milk human milk |
| title | Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | qualitative and quantitative study of glycosphingolipids in human milk and bovine milk using high performance liquid chromatography data dependent acquisition mass spectrometry |
| topic | high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry glucosylceramide galactosylceramide lactosylceramide bovine milk human milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4024 |
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