Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives
Visual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent scientific and therapeutic challenges because different cellular and molecular actors involved in the pathophysiology ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13079 |
| _version_ | 1797582485420244992 |
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| author | João Gabriel Santos Rosa Geonildo Rodrigo Disner Felipe Justiniano Pinto Carla Lima Monica Lopes-Ferreira |
| author_facet | João Gabriel Santos Rosa Geonildo Rodrigo Disner Felipe Justiniano Pinto Carla Lima Monica Lopes-Ferreira |
| author_sort | João Gabriel Santos Rosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Visual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent scientific and therapeutic challenges because different cellular and molecular actors involved in the pathophysiology are still being identified. Visual system components, particularly retinal cells, are extremely sensitive to genetic or metabolic alterations, and immune responses activated by local insults contribute to biological events, culminating in vision loss and irreversible blindness. Several ocular diseases are linked to retinal cell loss, and some of them, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by pathophysiological hallmarks that represent possibilities to study and develop novel treatments for retinal cell degeneration. Here, we present a compilation of revisited information on retinal degeneration, including pathophysiological and molecular features and biochemical hallmarks, and possible research directions for novel treatments to assist as a guide for innovative research. The knowledge expansion upon the mechanistic bases of the pathobiology of eye diseases, including information on complex interactions of genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and environmental and aging-related factors, will prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:23:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dcfdbbc1604141cb9e6f41b8d8db7c36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:23:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dcfdbbc1604141cb9e6f41b8d8db7c362023-11-19T08:12:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-08-0124171307910.3390/ijms241713079Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy PerspectivesJoão Gabriel Santos Rosa0Geonildo Rodrigo Disner1Felipe Justiniano Pinto2Carla Lima3Monica Lopes-Ferreira4Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, BrazilImmunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, BrazilImmunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, BrazilImmunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, BrazilImmunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, BrazilVisual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent scientific and therapeutic challenges because different cellular and molecular actors involved in the pathophysiology are still being identified. Visual system components, particularly retinal cells, are extremely sensitive to genetic or metabolic alterations, and immune responses activated by local insults contribute to biological events, culminating in vision loss and irreversible blindness. Several ocular diseases are linked to retinal cell loss, and some of them, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by pathophysiological hallmarks that represent possibilities to study and develop novel treatments for retinal cell degeneration. Here, we present a compilation of revisited information on retinal degeneration, including pathophysiological and molecular features and biochemical hallmarks, and possible research directions for novel treatments to assist as a guide for innovative research. The knowledge expansion upon the mechanistic bases of the pathobiology of eye diseases, including information on complex interactions of genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and environmental and aging-related factors, will prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13079eye healthvisual impairmentage-related macular degenerationglaucomaretinitis pigmentosadiabetic retinopathy |
| spellingShingle | João Gabriel Santos Rosa Geonildo Rodrigo Disner Felipe Justiniano Pinto Carla Lima Monica Lopes-Ferreira Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives International Journal of Molecular Sciences eye health visual impairment age-related macular degeneration glaucoma retinitis pigmentosa diabetic retinopathy |
| title | Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives |
| title_full | Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives |
| title_short | Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives |
| title_sort | revisiting retinal degeneration hallmarks insights from molecular markers and therapy perspectives |
| topic | eye health visual impairment age-related macular degeneration glaucoma retinitis pigmentosa diabetic retinopathy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/17/13079 |
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