Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form
Post COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not com...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1408 |
| _version_ | 1827675760349937664 |
|---|---|
| author | Annа Malkova Igor Kudryavtsev Anna Starshinova Dmitry Kudlay Yulia Zinchenko Anzhela Glushkova Piotr Yablonskiy Yehuda Shoenfeld |
| author_facet | Annа Malkova Igor Kudryavtsev Anna Starshinova Dmitry Kudlay Yulia Zinchenko Anzhela Glushkova Piotr Yablonskiy Yehuda Shoenfeld |
| author_sort | Annа Malkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Post COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not completely clear. The publications about COVID-19 which were published in online databases from December 2019 to September 2021 are analyzed in this review. According to the analysis, PCS develops on average in 30–60% of patients, mainly among women. Fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and anosmia were reported as the most common symptoms. The possible association between the described PCS symptoms and brain damage was revealed. We assume the possibility of an alternative course of COVID-19, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals with a stronger immune response, in which it predominantly affects the cells of the nervous system, possibly with the presence of an autoimmune component, which might have similarity with chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune disautonomia. Thus, the gender (female) and the presence of anosmia during an asymptomatic or mild course of the disease can be predictive factors for the development of PCS, which can be caused by autoimmune damage to neurons, glia, and cerebral vessels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd06e9da9d634b2b9060960fdd4c46e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd06e9da9d634b2b9060960fdd4c46e42023-11-23T00:52:51ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-10-011011140810.3390/pathogens10111408Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild FormAnnа Malkova0Igor Kudryavtsev1Anna Starshinova2Dmitry Kudlay3Yulia Zinchenko4Anzhela Glushkova5Piotr Yablonskiy6Yehuda Shoenfeld7Medical Department, St-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaMedical Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, RussiaSt. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaV.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaMedical Department, St-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaMedical Department, St-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaPost COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not completely clear. The publications about COVID-19 which were published in online databases from December 2019 to September 2021 are analyzed in this review. According to the analysis, PCS develops on average in 30–60% of patients, mainly among women. Fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and anosmia were reported as the most common symptoms. The possible association between the described PCS symptoms and brain damage was revealed. We assume the possibility of an alternative course of COVID-19, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals with a stronger immune response, in which it predominantly affects the cells of the nervous system, possibly with the presence of an autoimmune component, which might have similarity with chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune disautonomia. Thus, the gender (female) and the presence of anosmia during an asymptomatic or mild course of the disease can be predictive factors for the development of PCS, which can be caused by autoimmune damage to neurons, glia, and cerebral vessels.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1408COVID-19asymptomaticmildPost COVID-19 Syndromeautoimmuneanosmia |
| spellingShingle | Annа Malkova Igor Kudryavtsev Anna Starshinova Dmitry Kudlay Yulia Zinchenko Anzhela Glushkova Piotr Yablonskiy Yehuda Shoenfeld Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form Pathogens COVID-19 asymptomatic mild Post COVID-19 Syndrome autoimmune anosmia |
| title | Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form |
| title_full | Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form |
| title_fullStr | Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form |
| title_short | Post COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients with Asymptomatic/Mild Form |
| title_sort | post covid 19 syndrome in patients with asymptomatic mild form |
| topic | COVID-19 asymptomatic mild Post COVID-19 Syndrome autoimmune anosmia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1408 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annamalkova postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT igorkudryavtsev postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT annastarshinova postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT dmitrykudlay postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT yuliazinchenko postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT anzhelaglushkova postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT piotryablonskiy postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform AT yehudashoenfeld postcovid19syndromeinpatientswithasymptomaticmildform |