Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits
Citrus plants are prone to phosphorus (P) deficiency, especially in acidic soil, making them more dependent on root-associated endophytic fungi for growth and development. Beni-Madonna, a hybrid of <i>Citrus nanko</i> × <i>C. amakusa</i>, is a citrus known as “tangor” that is...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/145 |
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| author | Yang Lü Wei-Jia Wu Ming-Yu Zhu Zi-Yi Rong Tian-Zhi Zhang Xin-Ping Tan Ying He Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Suresh Kumar Malhotra Anoop Kumar Srivastava Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_facet | Yang Lü Wei-Jia Wu Ming-Yu Zhu Zi-Yi Rong Tian-Zhi Zhang Xin-Ping Tan Ying He Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Suresh Kumar Malhotra Anoop Kumar Srivastava Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_sort | Yang Lü |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus plants are prone to phosphorus (P) deficiency, especially in acidic soil, making them more dependent on root-associated endophytic fungi for growth and development. Beni-Madonna, a hybrid of <i>Citrus nanko</i> × <i>C. amakusa</i>, is a citrus known as “tangor” that is highly popular in China and other parts of the world due to its deep red color and jelly-like flesh. In this study, the inoculation response to two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (<i>Diversispora versiformis</i>, <i>Dv</i>; <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>, <i>Fm</i>) and an endophytic fungus (<i>Serendipita indica</i>, <i>Si</i>) with regard to the growth, leaf gas exchange, light energy efficiency, P levels, acid phosphatase activity, and expression of the purple acid phosphatase (<i>PAP</i>) and phosphate transporter (<i>PT</i>) genes through a potted experiment using Beni-Madonna (tangor) citrus plants grafted on trifoliate orange (<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>) was studied. Two years following inoculation, the root fungal colonization rates of inoculated plants were significantly increased, accompanied by an increase in plant height and stem diameter, with <i>Si</i> presenting the best effect. Fungal inoculations also significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll index, nitrogen-balance index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic efficiency, and quantum yield of PSII, while it reduced photoinhibition and heat dissipation, with <i>Si</i> having the best effect on light energy efficiency. <i>Si</i> significantly increased leaf and root P levels, as well as root <i>CsPAP1‒3</i>, <i>CsPT2</i>, <i>CsPT3</i>, and <i>CsPT7</i> expression and soil acid phosphatase activity; <i>Fm</i> in mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased leaf and root P levels, as well as root <i>CsPT1</i> and <i>CsPT7</i> expression and root/soil acid phosphatase activity. These observations suggested an advantage of <i>Si</i> over the other two AMF in terms of improved plant growth and P acquisition, while <i>Fm</i> displayed prominent effects on increased photosynthetic efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd0d50f7e3a9412b9517a8f25d051856 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd0d50f7e3a9412b9517a8f25d0518562024-02-23T15:18:43ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-02-0110214510.3390/horticulturae10020145Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition TraitsYang Lü0Wei-Jia Wu1Ming-Yu Zhu2Zi-Yi Rong3Tian-Zhi Zhang4Xin-Ping Tan5Ying He6Mashael Daghash Alqahtani7Suresh Kumar Malhotra8Anoop Kumar Srivastava9Qiang-Sheng Wu10College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030602, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management, New Delhi 110012, IndiaICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, IndiaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCitrus plants are prone to phosphorus (P) deficiency, especially in acidic soil, making them more dependent on root-associated endophytic fungi for growth and development. Beni-Madonna, a hybrid of <i>Citrus nanko</i> × <i>C. amakusa</i>, is a citrus known as “tangor” that is highly popular in China and other parts of the world due to its deep red color and jelly-like flesh. In this study, the inoculation response to two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (<i>Diversispora versiformis</i>, <i>Dv</i>; <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>, <i>Fm</i>) and an endophytic fungus (<i>Serendipita indica</i>, <i>Si</i>) with regard to the growth, leaf gas exchange, light energy efficiency, P levels, acid phosphatase activity, and expression of the purple acid phosphatase (<i>PAP</i>) and phosphate transporter (<i>PT</i>) genes through a potted experiment using Beni-Madonna (tangor) citrus plants grafted on trifoliate orange (<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>) was studied. Two years following inoculation, the root fungal colonization rates of inoculated plants were significantly increased, accompanied by an increase in plant height and stem diameter, with <i>Si</i> presenting the best effect. Fungal inoculations also significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll index, nitrogen-balance index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic efficiency, and quantum yield of PSII, while it reduced photoinhibition and heat dissipation, with <i>Si</i> having the best effect on light energy efficiency. <i>Si</i> significantly increased leaf and root P levels, as well as root <i>CsPAP1‒3</i>, <i>CsPT2</i>, <i>CsPT3</i>, and <i>CsPT7</i> expression and soil acid phosphatase activity; <i>Fm</i> in mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased leaf and root P levels, as well as root <i>CsPT1</i> and <i>CsPT7</i> expression and root/soil acid phosphatase activity. These observations suggested an advantage of <i>Si</i> over the other two AMF in terms of improved plant growth and P acquisition, while <i>Fm</i> displayed prominent effects on increased photosynthetic efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/145acid phosphatasecitrusmycorrhizaphosphate transporterphotoinhibitionsymbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Yang Lü Wei-Jia Wu Ming-Yu Zhu Zi-Yi Rong Tian-Zhi Zhang Xin-Ping Tan Ying He Mashael Daghash Alqahtani Suresh Kumar Malhotra Anoop Kumar Srivastava Qiang-Sheng Wu Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits Horticulturae acid phosphatase citrus mycorrhiza phosphate transporter photoinhibition symbiosis |
| title | Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits |
| title_full | Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits |
| title_short | Comparative Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi versus Endophytic Fungi in Tangor Citrus: Photosynthetic Efficiency and P-Acquisition Traits |
| title_sort | comparative response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi versus endophytic fungi in tangor citrus photosynthetic efficiency and p acquisition traits |
| topic | acid phosphatase citrus mycorrhiza phosphate transporter photoinhibition symbiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/145 |
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