Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure
The uterine microbiota has been the subject of increasing study, but its interaction with the local immune system remains unclear. Successful embryo implantation relies on endometrial receptivity, which is pivotal for immunological tolerance to fetal antigens and precise regulation of inflammatory m...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/547 |
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| author | Svetla Blazheva Svetlana Pachkova Tatyana Bodurska Petar Ivanov Alexander Blazhev Tzvetan Lukanov Emiliana Konova |
| author_facet | Svetla Blazheva Svetlana Pachkova Tatyana Bodurska Petar Ivanov Alexander Blazhev Tzvetan Lukanov Emiliana Konova |
| author_sort | Svetla Blazheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The uterine microbiota has been the subject of increasing study, but its interaction with the local immune system remains unclear. Successful embryo implantation relies on endometrial receptivity, which is pivotal for immunological tolerance to fetal antigens and precise regulation of inflammatory mediators. Emerging data suggest a dynamic interplay between endometrial microflora and the immune system, making dysbiosis a potential determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Imbalances in the regulation of immune cells in the endometrium and decidua have been associated with infertility, miscarriage, and obstetric complications. A thorough comprehension of the immune system in the female reproductive tract shows potential for improving women’s health and pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of endometrial microbiota in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and to explore their implications for endometrial immune cells and chronic endometritis (CE). Immune cells in biopsies from 107 RIF and 93 RPL patients were examined using flow cytometry. The endometrial microbial composition was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The research uncovered disrupted endometrial microbiota in most women with RIF and RPL, which was often associated with significant effects on lymphocytes, T cells, and uNK cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd1f02bb082e41c398e8f6449f42e18c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:59:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd1f02bb082e41c398e8f6449f42e18c2024-03-27T13:55:47ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-03-0112354710.3390/microorganisms12030547Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive FailureSvetla Blazheva0Svetlana Pachkova1Tatyana Bodurska2Petar Ivanov3Alexander Blazhev4Tzvetan Lukanov5Emiliana Konova6Department of Clinical Laboratory, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, BulgariaMedical Center—Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine, 5804 Pleven, BulgariaMedical Center—Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine, 5804 Pleven, BulgariaMedical Center—Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine, 5804 Pleven, BulgariaDepartment of Biology, Medical University—Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, BulgariaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, BulgariaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, BulgariaThe uterine microbiota has been the subject of increasing study, but its interaction with the local immune system remains unclear. Successful embryo implantation relies on endometrial receptivity, which is pivotal for immunological tolerance to fetal antigens and precise regulation of inflammatory mediators. Emerging data suggest a dynamic interplay between endometrial microflora and the immune system, making dysbiosis a potential determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Imbalances in the regulation of immune cells in the endometrium and decidua have been associated with infertility, miscarriage, and obstetric complications. A thorough comprehension of the immune system in the female reproductive tract shows potential for improving women’s health and pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of endometrial microbiota in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and to explore their implications for endometrial immune cells and chronic endometritis (CE). Immune cells in biopsies from 107 RIF and 93 RPL patients were examined using flow cytometry. The endometrial microbial composition was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The research uncovered disrupted endometrial microbiota in most women with RIF and RPL, which was often associated with significant effects on lymphocytes, T cells, and uNK cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/547endometrial immune cellsendometrial microbiotarecurrent implantation failurerecurrent pregnancy loss |
| spellingShingle | Svetla Blazheva Svetlana Pachkova Tatyana Bodurska Petar Ivanov Alexander Blazhev Tzvetan Lukanov Emiliana Konova Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure Microorganisms endometrial immune cells endometrial microbiota recurrent implantation failure recurrent pregnancy loss |
| title | Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure |
| title_full | Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure |
| title_fullStr | Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure |
| title_short | Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure |
| title_sort | unlocking the uterine code microbiota immune cells and therapy for recurrent reproductive failure |
| topic | endometrial immune cells endometrial microbiota recurrent implantation failure recurrent pregnancy loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/547 |
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