Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels
In tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that oc...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5684 |
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| author | Xiaochen Zhou Lanting Zeng Yingjuan Chen Xuewen Wang Yinyin Liao Yangyang Xiao Xiumin Fu Ziyin Yang |
| author_facet | Xiaochen Zhou Lanting Zeng Yingjuan Chen Xuewen Wang Yinyin Liao Yangyang Xiao Xiumin Fu Ziyin Yang |
| author_sort | Xiaochen Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content—regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, <i>Colletotrichum camelliae</i> and <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis</i>. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:46:19Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:46:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd20580f30b742c7a62c60eda06ae73d2023-11-20T09:31:44ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012116568410.3390/ijms21165684Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular LevelsXiaochen Zhou0Lanting Zeng1Yingjuan Chen2Xuewen Wang3Yinyin Liao4Yangyang Xiao5Xiumin Fu6Ziyin Yang7Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaDepartment of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaKey Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaIn tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) plants, polyphenols are the representative metabolites and play important roles during their growth. Among tea polyphenols, catechins are extensively studied, while very little attention has been paid to other polyphenols such as gallic acid (GA) that occur in tea leaves with relatively high content. In this study, GA was able to be transformed into methyl gallate (MG), suggesting that GA is not only a precursor of catechins, but also can be transformed into other metabolites in tea plants. GA content in tea leaves was higher than MG content—regardless of the cultivar, plucking month or leaf position. These two metabolites occurred with higher amounts in tender leaves. Using nonaqueous fractionation techniques, it was found that GA and MG were abundantly accumulated in peroxisome. In addition, GA and MG were found to have strong antifungal activity against two main tea plant diseases, <i>Colletotrichum camelliae</i> and <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis</i>. The information will advance our understanding on formation and biologic functions of polyphenols in tea plants and also provide a good reference for studying in vivo occurrence of specialized metabolites in economic plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5684teagallic acidmethyl gallatespatial distributionsubcellular location |
| spellingShingle | Xiaochen Zhou Lanting Zeng Yingjuan Chen Xuewen Wang Yinyin Liao Yangyang Xiao Xiumin Fu Ziyin Yang Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels International Journal of Molecular Sciences tea gallic acid methyl gallate spatial distribution subcellular location |
| title | Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels |
| title_full | Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels |
| title_fullStr | Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels |
| title_short | Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Its Distributions in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Plants at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels |
| title_sort | metabolism of gallic acid and its distributions in tea i camellia sinensis i plants at the tissue and subcellular levels |
| topic | tea gallic acid methyl gallate spatial distribution subcellular location |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5684 |
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