Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic
Background: Literature data report that the first COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the progression of migraine both in adults and children. The present study aimed to verify how the migraine course and psychological aspects varied in adolescent patients in relation to some of the different phases...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/273 |
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| author | Martina Proietti Checchi Samuela Tarantino Fabiana Ursitti Gabriele Monte Romina Moavero Giorgia Sforza Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Massimiliano Valeriani Laura Papetti |
| author_facet | Martina Proietti Checchi Samuela Tarantino Fabiana Ursitti Gabriele Monte Romina Moavero Giorgia Sforza Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Massimiliano Valeriani Laura Papetti |
| author_sort | Martina Proietti Checchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Literature data report that the first COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the progression of migraine both in adults and children. The present study aimed to verify how the migraine course and psychological aspects varied in adolescent patients in relation to some of the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with the months before COVID-19. In addition, the relationship between the characteristics of headache episodes and psychological and school-related aspects were analyzed. Methods: The study included 418 adolescents. Based on the timing of the evaluation, they were categorized into patients observed before the COVID-19 pandemic (pre COVID) or during the first (COVID 1) or second (COVID 2) wave of the pandemic. Subjects were also categorized into three further groups: those who had high or low frequency of migraine attacks during the month, those who had mild or severe pain during the attack, and those who were taking prophylactic drugs. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales were utilized to assess depression and anxiety. Results: We observed a significant increase in the frequency of attacks and the use of prophylactic drugs during the COVID 2 period compared to the COVID 1 and pre-COVID periods (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients showed higher levels of anxiety and depression during each of the two COVID periods compared with the pre-COVID months (<i>p</i> < 0.05), especially during the COVID 2 period (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results show long-term negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical parameters and psychological symptoms in adolescents with migraine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:05:25Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:05:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd2a898be8174f72b25c49258faa5e7a2023-11-16T19:28:42ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-02-0113227310.3390/brainsci13020273Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the PandemicMartina Proietti Checchi0Samuela Tarantino1Fabiana Ursitti2Gabriele Monte3Romina Moavero4Giorgia Sforza5Michela Ada Noris Ferilli6Teresa Grimaldi Capitello7Federico Vigevano8Massimiliano Valeriani9Laura Papetti10Developmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyUnit of Clinical Psychology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyNeurological Sciences and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyDevelopmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, ItalyBackground: Literature data report that the first COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the progression of migraine both in adults and children. The present study aimed to verify how the migraine course and psychological aspects varied in adolescent patients in relation to some of the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with the months before COVID-19. In addition, the relationship between the characteristics of headache episodes and psychological and school-related aspects were analyzed. Methods: The study included 418 adolescents. Based on the timing of the evaluation, they were categorized into patients observed before the COVID-19 pandemic (pre COVID) or during the first (COVID 1) or second (COVID 2) wave of the pandemic. Subjects were also categorized into three further groups: those who had high or low frequency of migraine attacks during the month, those who had mild or severe pain during the attack, and those who were taking prophylactic drugs. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales were utilized to assess depression and anxiety. Results: We observed a significant increase in the frequency of attacks and the use of prophylactic drugs during the COVID 2 period compared to the COVID 1 and pre-COVID periods (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients showed higher levels of anxiety and depression during each of the two COVID periods compared with the pre-COVID months (<i>p</i> < 0.05), especially during the COVID 2 period (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results show long-term negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical parameters and psychological symptoms in adolescents with migraine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/273migraineCOVID-19lockdownadolescentsanxietydepression |
| spellingShingle | Martina Proietti Checchi Samuela Tarantino Fabiana Ursitti Gabriele Monte Romina Moavero Giorgia Sforza Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Massimiliano Valeriani Laura Papetti Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic Brain Sciences migraine COVID-19 lockdown adolescents anxiety depression |
| title | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic |
| title_full | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic |
| title_short | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic |
| title_sort | long term effects of covid 19 pandemic on migraine in adolescents a retrospective analysis of the population attending the headache center in different phases of the pandemic |
| topic | migraine COVID-19 lockdown adolescents anxiety depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/2/273 |
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