Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are composed of fungal partners and photosynthetic algal partners. During the symbiotic process in lichen thallus, the fungus synthesizes certain secondary metabolites in which lecanoric acid is very important in terms of antibiotic properties. Considering the vi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/705 |
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| author | Kalidoss Rajendran Ponnusamy Ponmurugan Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai Ponmurugan Karuppiah Mohammed Rafi Shaik Mujeeb Khan Merajuddin Khan Baji Shaik |
| author_facet | Kalidoss Rajendran Ponnusamy Ponmurugan Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai Ponmurugan Karuppiah Mohammed Rafi Shaik Mujeeb Khan Merajuddin Khan Baji Shaik |
| author_sort | Kalidoss Rajendran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are composed of fungal partners and photosynthetic algal partners. During the symbiotic process in lichen thallus, the fungus synthesizes certain secondary metabolites in which lecanoric acid is very important in terms of antibiotic properties. Considering the vital importance of lecanoric acid, the present study aimed to produce lecanoric acid from the thallus of <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> lichen using Modified Bold’s basal salt medium and evaluate the bio-efficacy against tea fungal pathogens. Lecanoric acid was purified and confirmed by micro-crystallization method and subsequently bioassayed against tea fungal pathogens. The results revealed that lecanoric acid registered a significant antifungal activity in terms of the growth inhibition of test pathogens. Companion systemic and botanical fungicides were found to be inferior to lecanoric acid in the percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibition rate varied among tea pathogens. Of the tea pathogens tested, tea leaf disease-causing pathogens including <i>Cercospora theae</i> (<i>C. theae</i>), <i>Glomerella cingulata</i> (<i>G. cingulate</i>), and <i>Phomopsis theae</i> (<i>P. theae</i>) showed the highest percentage of growth inhibition followed by stem and root rot diseases. The present study suggests that lecanoric acid showed an inhibitory effect against tea pathogens, which might be due to antibiotic properties and fungicidal action of lecanoric acid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:23:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd3f885d754e40048b781572a2ab1aa7 |
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| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:23:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd3f885d754e40048b781572a2ab1aa72023-11-18T10:41:29ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-06-019670510.3390/horticulturae9060705Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal PathogensKalidoss Rajendran0Ponnusamy Ponmurugan1Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai2Ponmurugan Karuppiah3Mohammed Rafi Shaik4Mujeeb Khan5Merajuddin Khan6Baji Shaik7Department of Education, St. Joseph University in Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 11007, TanzaniaBiomedical Research Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaLichens are symbiotic organisms that are composed of fungal partners and photosynthetic algal partners. During the symbiotic process in lichen thallus, the fungus synthesizes certain secondary metabolites in which lecanoric acid is very important in terms of antibiotic properties. Considering the vital importance of lecanoric acid, the present study aimed to produce lecanoric acid from the thallus of <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> lichen using Modified Bold’s basal salt medium and evaluate the bio-efficacy against tea fungal pathogens. Lecanoric acid was purified and confirmed by micro-crystallization method and subsequently bioassayed against tea fungal pathogens. The results revealed that lecanoric acid registered a significant antifungal activity in terms of the growth inhibition of test pathogens. Companion systemic and botanical fungicides were found to be inferior to lecanoric acid in the percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibition rate varied among tea pathogens. Of the tea pathogens tested, tea leaf disease-causing pathogens including <i>Cercospora theae</i> (<i>C. theae</i>), <i>Glomerella cingulata</i> (<i>G. cingulate</i>), and <i>Phomopsis theae</i> (<i>P. theae</i>) showed the highest percentage of growth inhibition followed by stem and root rot diseases. The present study suggests that lecanoric acid showed an inhibitory effect against tea pathogens, which might be due to antibiotic properties and fungicidal action of lecanoric acid.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/705tealichenlecanoric acid<i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i>antifungal activity |
| spellingShingle | Kalidoss Rajendran Ponnusamy Ponmurugan Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai Ponmurugan Karuppiah Mohammed Rafi Shaik Mujeeb Khan Merajuddin Khan Baji Shaik Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens Horticulturae tea lichen lecanoric acid <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> antifungal activity |
| title | Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens |
| title_full | Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens |
| title_short | Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens |
| title_sort | bioefficacy of lecanoric acid produced by i parmotrema austrosinense i zahlbr hale against tea fungal pathogens |
| topic | tea lichen lecanoric acid <i>Parmotrema austrosinense</i> antifungal activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/705 |
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