Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review
BackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in modulating energy expenditure. People with obesity have been shown to have reduced activation of BAT. Agents such as β-agonists, capsinoids, thyroid hormone, sildenafil, caffeine, or cold exposure may lead to activation of BAT in humans, potential...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1037458/full |
| _version_ | 1811186380617809920 |
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| author | Luis C. Perez Laura T. Perez Yash Nene Guillermo E. Umpierrez Georgia M. Davis Francisco J. Pasquel |
| author_facet | Luis C. Perez Laura T. Perez Yash Nene Guillermo E. Umpierrez Georgia M. Davis Francisco J. Pasquel |
| author_sort | Luis C. Perez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in modulating energy expenditure. People with obesity have been shown to have reduced activation of BAT. Agents such as β-agonists, capsinoids, thyroid hormone, sildenafil, caffeine, or cold exposure may lead to activation of BAT in humans, potentially modulating metabolism to promote weight loss.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases for clinical trials testing the effect of these agents and cold exposure on energy expenditure/thermogenesis and the extent to which they may impact weight loss in adults.ResultsA total of 695 studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline electronic databases were identified. After the removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 47 clinical trials were analyzed. We observed significant heterogeneity in the duration of interventions and the metrics utilized to estimate thermogenesis/energy expenditure. Changes observed in energy expenditure do not correlate with major weight changes with different interventions commonly known to stimulate thermogenesis. Even though cold exposure appears to consistently activate BAT and induce thermogenesis, studies are small, and it appears to be an unlikely sustainable therapy to combat obesity. Most studies were small and potential risks associated with known side effects of some agents such as β-agonists (tachycardia), sibutramine (hypertension, tachycardia), thyroid hormone (arrhythmias) cannot be fully evaluated from these small trials.ConclusionThough the impact of BAT activation and associated increases in energy expenditure on clinically meaningful weight loss is a topic of great interest, further data is needed to determine long-term feasibility and efficacy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:44:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd40350257df436288ad1527360326e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:44:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd40350257df436288ad1527360326e42022-12-22T04:21:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-12-011310.3389/fendo.2022.10374581037458Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic reviewLuis C. Perez0Laura T. Perez1Yash Nene2Guillermo E. Umpierrez3Georgia M. Davis4Francisco J. Pasquel5Ponce Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Ponce, PR, United StatesPonce Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Ponce, PR, United StatesNeurology Residency Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United StatesDepartment of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesBackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in modulating energy expenditure. People with obesity have been shown to have reduced activation of BAT. Agents such as β-agonists, capsinoids, thyroid hormone, sildenafil, caffeine, or cold exposure may lead to activation of BAT in humans, potentially modulating metabolism to promote weight loss.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases for clinical trials testing the effect of these agents and cold exposure on energy expenditure/thermogenesis and the extent to which they may impact weight loss in adults.ResultsA total of 695 studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline electronic databases were identified. After the removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 47 clinical trials were analyzed. We observed significant heterogeneity in the duration of interventions and the metrics utilized to estimate thermogenesis/energy expenditure. Changes observed in energy expenditure do not correlate with major weight changes with different interventions commonly known to stimulate thermogenesis. Even though cold exposure appears to consistently activate BAT and induce thermogenesis, studies are small, and it appears to be an unlikely sustainable therapy to combat obesity. Most studies were small and potential risks associated with known side effects of some agents such as β-agonists (tachycardia), sibutramine (hypertension, tachycardia), thyroid hormone (arrhythmias) cannot be fully evaluated from these small trials.ConclusionThough the impact of BAT activation and associated increases in energy expenditure on clinically meaningful weight loss is a topic of great interest, further data is needed to determine long-term feasibility and efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1037458/fullbrown adipose tissuebeta agonistcold exposuresildenafilcapsinoidsbrowning of white adipose tissue |
| spellingShingle | Luis C. Perez Laura T. Perez Yash Nene Guillermo E. Umpierrez Georgia M. Davis Francisco J. Pasquel Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review Frontiers in Endocrinology brown adipose tissue beta agonist cold exposure sildenafil capsinoids browning of white adipose tissue |
| title | Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review |
| title_full | Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review |
| title_short | Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review |
| title_sort | interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss a systematic review |
| topic | brown adipose tissue beta agonist cold exposure sildenafil capsinoids browning of white adipose tissue |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1037458/full |
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