Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach
Numerous triaxial tests on sand and sand-like materials have been performed worldwide during the past several decades. Their results provided a development of the advanced soil constitutive models and laboratory testing devices, as well as the establishment of a worldwide database of different types...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5733 |
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| author | Vedran Jagodnik Ivan Kraus Sandi Ivanda Željko Arbanas |
| author_facet | Vedran Jagodnik Ivan Kraus Sandi Ivanda Željko Arbanas |
| author_sort | Vedran Jagodnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numerous triaxial tests on sand and sand-like materials have been performed worldwide during the past several decades. Their results provided a development of the advanced soil constitutive models and laboratory testing devices, as well as the establishment of a worldwide database of different types of uniform sandy materials. From such research, the critical state and steady state theory has emerged as one of the most useful tool for the modelling of a soil behaviour. This paper presents the results of static drained tests performed on the uniform Drava River sand from the Osijek region in Croatia. The main aim was to determine the shear behaviour and critical state, given that these characteristics are mostly unknown for the tested sand material. A series of detail triaxial tests were performed in drained conditions for three different initial relative densities, <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and two different loading directions; e.g., axial compression and axial extension. In total, 18 drained tests were performed. The study indicated that the value of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>33.75</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the critical friction angle for the tested sand. The relative density of 57% is determined as the critical relative density. Additionally, the study confirmed the difference in critical state for compression and extension loading. In addition, the results indicate that the sample preparation procedure has an important impact on the critical state of loosely prepared sandy samples. These results give the first insights into the behaviour of the Drava River sand, which can generally contribute to the worldwide sand behaviour knowledge base. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:12:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd691c227c8b4a03bf109630cf63049c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:12:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd691c227c8b4a03bf109630cf63049c2023-11-20T10:36:55ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-08-011017573310.3390/app10175733Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State ApproachVedran Jagodnik0Ivan Kraus1Sandi Ivanda2Željko Arbanas3Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 3, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 3, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaGeoekspert d.o.o., Brezovička cesta 48E, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 3, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaNumerous triaxial tests on sand and sand-like materials have been performed worldwide during the past several decades. Their results provided a development of the advanced soil constitutive models and laboratory testing devices, as well as the establishment of a worldwide database of different types of uniform sandy materials. From such research, the critical state and steady state theory has emerged as one of the most useful tool for the modelling of a soil behaviour. This paper presents the results of static drained tests performed on the uniform Drava River sand from the Osijek region in Croatia. The main aim was to determine the shear behaviour and critical state, given that these characteristics are mostly unknown for the tested sand material. A series of detail triaxial tests were performed in drained conditions for three different initial relative densities, <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and two different loading directions; e.g., axial compression and axial extension. In total, 18 drained tests were performed. The study indicated that the value of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>33.75</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mrow></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the critical friction angle for the tested sand. The relative density of 57% is determined as the critical relative density. Additionally, the study confirmed the difference in critical state for compression and extension loading. In addition, the results indicate that the sample preparation procedure has an important impact on the critical state of loosely prepared sandy samples. These results give the first insights into the behaviour of the Drava River sand, which can generally contribute to the worldwide sand behaviour knowledge base.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5733uniform sandstress-strain behaviourcritical statetriaxial testcompressionextension |
| spellingShingle | Vedran Jagodnik Ivan Kraus Sandi Ivanda Željko Arbanas Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach Applied Sciences uniform sand stress-strain behaviour critical state triaxial test compression extension |
| title | Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach |
| title_full | Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach |
| title_fullStr | Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach |
| title_short | Behaviour of Uniform Drava River Sand in Drained Condition—A Critical State Approach |
| title_sort | behaviour of uniform drava river sand in drained condition a critical state approach |
| topic | uniform sand stress-strain behaviour critical state triaxial test compression extension |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5733 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vedranjagodnik behaviourofuniformdravariversandindrainedconditionacriticalstateapproach AT ivankraus behaviourofuniformdravariversandindrainedconditionacriticalstateapproach AT sandiivanda behaviourofuniformdravariversandindrainedconditionacriticalstateapproach AT zeljkoarbanas behaviourofuniformdravariversandindrainedconditionacriticalstateapproach |