| Summary: | Neuroblastoma is an embryonic cancer arising from neural crest stem cell and almost exclusively a pediatric neoplasm. In adults, neuroblastoma is rare and presents worse prognosis compared to children. The most common presentation of this neoplasia is a painless abdominal mass. Other signs and symptoms can be related to mass effect from the primary tumor or as a result of metastatic disease, or paraneoplastic syndromes. There are no well-established treatment guidelines for adults with neuroblastoma. In general, the principle of treatment is determined by risk assessment system, using a multimodal treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) based on treatment protocols for this neoplasm in children. This case report refers to the diagnosis of neuroblastoma in mediastinum in a 52-year-old woman with locally advanced disease and not able to be removed to diagnosis, accompanied by hyponatremia as paraneoplastic syndrome, which presented a good response to the treatment established.
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