Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming
Tomatoes are among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and represent a source of health-beneficial substances. Our study represents the first investigating the peel-associated epiphytic bacteria of red and purple (anthocyanin-rich) tomatoes subjected to organic and conventional farming systems. &...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2240 |
| _version_ | 1797464522201497600 |
|---|---|
| author | Susanna Gorrasi Marcella Pasqualetti Barbara Muñoz-Palazon Giorgia Novello Andrea Mazzucato Enio Campiglia Massimiliano Fenice |
| author_facet | Susanna Gorrasi Marcella Pasqualetti Barbara Muñoz-Palazon Giorgia Novello Andrea Mazzucato Enio Campiglia Massimiliano Fenice |
| author_sort | Susanna Gorrasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tomatoes are among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and represent a source of health-beneficial substances. Our study represents the first investigating the peel-associated epiphytic bacteria of red and purple (anthocyanin-rich) tomatoes subjected to organic and conventional farming systems. <i>Proteobacteria</i> was the dominant phylum (relative abundances 79–91%) in all experimental conditions. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> represented a large fraction (39.3–47.5%) of the communities, with <i>Buttiauxella</i> and <i>Atlantibacter</i> as the most represented genera. The core microbiota was composed of 59 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including the majority of the most abundant ones. The occurrence of the most abundant OTUs differed among the experimental conditions. OTU 1 (<i>Buttiauxella</i>), OTU 2 (<i>Enterobacteriales</i>), and OTU 6 (<i>Bacillales</i>) were higher in red and purple tomatoes grown under organic farming. OTU 5 (<i>Acinetobacter</i>) had the highest abundance in red tomatoes subjected to organic farming. OTU 3 (<i>Atlantibacter</i>) was among the major OTUs in red tomatoes under both farming conditions. OTU 7 (<i>Clavibacter</i>) and OTU 8 (<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>) had abundances ≥1% only in red tomatoes grown under conventional farming. PCA and clustering analysis highlighted a high similarity between the bacterial communities of red and purple tomatoes grown under organic farming. Furthermore, the bacterial communities of purple tomatoes grown under organic farming showed the lowest diversity and evenness. This work paves the way to understand the role of nutritional superior tomato genotypes, combined with organic farming, to modulate the presence of beneficial/harmful bacteria and supply healthier foods within a sustainable agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:08:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd707c3065064de19f585a6bfc549244 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:08:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd707c3065064de19f585a6bfc5492442023-11-24T09:17:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-11-011011224010.3390/microorganisms10112240Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional FarmingSusanna Gorrasi0Marcella Pasqualetti1Barbara Muñoz-Palazon2Giorgia Novello3Andrea Mazzucato4Enio Campiglia5Massimiliano Fenice6Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Science, Technology and Innovation (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyTomatoes are among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and represent a source of health-beneficial substances. Our study represents the first investigating the peel-associated epiphytic bacteria of red and purple (anthocyanin-rich) tomatoes subjected to organic and conventional farming systems. <i>Proteobacteria</i> was the dominant phylum (relative abundances 79–91%) in all experimental conditions. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> represented a large fraction (39.3–47.5%) of the communities, with <i>Buttiauxella</i> and <i>Atlantibacter</i> as the most represented genera. The core microbiota was composed of 59 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including the majority of the most abundant ones. The occurrence of the most abundant OTUs differed among the experimental conditions. OTU 1 (<i>Buttiauxella</i>), OTU 2 (<i>Enterobacteriales</i>), and OTU 6 (<i>Bacillales</i>) were higher in red and purple tomatoes grown under organic farming. OTU 5 (<i>Acinetobacter</i>) had the highest abundance in red tomatoes subjected to organic farming. OTU 3 (<i>Atlantibacter</i>) was among the major OTUs in red tomatoes under both farming conditions. OTU 7 (<i>Clavibacter</i>) and OTU 8 (<i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>) had abundances ≥1% only in red tomatoes grown under conventional farming. PCA and clustering analysis highlighted a high similarity between the bacterial communities of red and purple tomatoes grown under organic farming. Furthermore, the bacterial communities of purple tomatoes grown under organic farming showed the lowest diversity and evenness. This work paves the way to understand the role of nutritional superior tomato genotypes, combined with organic farming, to modulate the presence of beneficial/harmful bacteria and supply healthier foods within a sustainable agriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2240<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.tomatopurple tomatoanthocyanin-rich tomatosun black tomatoorganic farming |
| spellingShingle | Susanna Gorrasi Marcella Pasqualetti Barbara Muñoz-Palazon Giorgia Novello Andrea Mazzucato Enio Campiglia Massimiliano Fenice Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming Microorganisms <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. tomato purple tomato anthocyanin-rich tomato sun black tomato organic farming |
| title | Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming |
| title_full | Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming |
| title_short | Comparison of the Peel-Associated Epiphytic Bacteria of Anthocyanin-Rich “Sun Black” and Wild-Type Tomatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming |
| title_sort | comparison of the peel associated epiphytic bacteria of anthocyanin rich sun black and wild type tomatoes under organic and conventional farming |
| topic | <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. tomato purple tomato anthocyanin-rich tomato sun black tomato organic farming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2240 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT susannagorrasi comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT marcellapasqualetti comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT barbaramunozpalazon comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT giorgianovello comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT andreamazzucato comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT eniocampiglia comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming AT massimilianofenice comparisonofthepeelassociatedepiphyticbacteriaofanthocyaninrichsunblackandwildtypetomatoesunderorganicandconventionalfarming |