Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction
Depth discrimination is a key procedure in acoustic detection or target classification for low-frequency underwater sources. Conventional depth-discrimination methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of the sensor array. In this paper, we propose a d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3692 |
| _version_ | 1818000631503257600 |
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| author | Guolong Liang Yifeng Zhang Guangpu Zhang Jia Feng Ce Zheng |
| author_facet | Guolong Liang Yifeng Zhang Guangpu Zhang Jia Feng Ce Zheng |
| author_sort | Guolong Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Depth discrimination is a key procedure in acoustic detection or target classification for low-frequency underwater sources. Conventional depth-discrimination methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of the sensor array. In this paper, we propose a depth-discrimination method for low-frequency sources using a horizontal line array (HLA) of acoustic vector sensors based on mode extraction. First, we establish linear equations related to the modal amplitudes based on modal beamforming in the vector mode space. Second, we solve the linear equations by introducing the total least square algorithm and estimate modal amplitudes. Third, we select the power percentage of the low-order modes as the decision metric and construct testing hypotheses based on the modal amplitude estimation. Compared with a scalar sensor, a vector sensor improves the depth discrimination, because the mode weights are more appropriate for doing so. The presented linear equations and the solution algorithm allow the method to maintain good performance even using a relatively short HLA. The constructed testing hypotheses are highly robust against mismatched environments. Note that the method is not appropriate for the winter typical sound speed waveguide, because the characteristics of the modes differ from those in downward-refracting sound speed waveguide. Robustness analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:24:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd7ad63802224773924297cc739330f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:24:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd7ad63802224773924297cc739330f72022-12-22T02:15:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-10-011811369210.3390/s18113692s18113692Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode ExtractionGuolong Liang0Yifeng Zhang1Guangpu Zhang2Jia Feng3Ce Zheng4Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaDepth discrimination is a key procedure in acoustic detection or target classification for low-frequency underwater sources. Conventional depth-discrimination methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of the sensor array. In this paper, we propose a depth-discrimination method for low-frequency sources using a horizontal line array (HLA) of acoustic vector sensors based on mode extraction. First, we establish linear equations related to the modal amplitudes based on modal beamforming in the vector mode space. Second, we solve the linear equations by introducing the total least square algorithm and estimate modal amplitudes. Third, we select the power percentage of the low-order modes as the decision metric and construct testing hypotheses based on the modal amplitude estimation. Compared with a scalar sensor, a vector sensor improves the depth discrimination, because the mode weights are more appropriate for doing so. The presented linear equations and the solution algorithm allow the method to maintain good performance even using a relatively short HLA. The constructed testing hypotheses are highly robust against mismatched environments. Note that the method is not appropriate for the winter typical sound speed waveguide, because the characteristics of the modes differ from those in downward-refracting sound speed waveguide. Robustness analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3692depth discriminationhorizontal line arrayacoustic vector sensormode extraction |
| spellingShingle | Guolong Liang Yifeng Zhang Guangpu Zhang Jia Feng Ce Zheng Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction Sensors depth discrimination horizontal line array acoustic vector sensor mode extraction |
| title | Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction |
| title_full | Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction |
| title_fullStr | Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction |
| title_short | Depth Discrimination for Low-Frequency Sources Using a Horizontal Line Array of Acoustic Vector Sensors Based on Mode Extraction |
| title_sort | depth discrimination for low frequency sources using a horizontal line array of acoustic vector sensors based on mode extraction |
| topic | depth discrimination horizontal line array acoustic vector sensor mode extraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3692 |
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