Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water
Micro- and nanoparticles of plastic waste are considered emerging pollutants with significant environmental and health impacts at high concentrations or prolonged exposure time. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a known metal-organic framework (MOF) using terephthalic acid (TPA) r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/3/257 |
| _version_ | 1797318428509339648 |
|---|---|
| author | Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Gomathi Mahadevan Jiawei Zuo Thiruchelvam Prathyumnan Suresh Valiyaveettil |
| author_facet | Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Gomathi Mahadevan Jiawei Zuo Thiruchelvam Prathyumnan Suresh Valiyaveettil |
| author_sort | Chingakham Chinglenthoiba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Micro- and nanoparticles of plastic waste are considered emerging pollutants with significant environmental and health impacts at high concentrations or prolonged exposure time. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a known metal-organic framework (MOF) using terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered from the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste. This approach adds value to the existing large amounts of bottle waste in the environment. Fully characterized zinc-TPA MOF (MOF-5) was used for the extraction and removal of engineered polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles from water with a high efficiency of 97% and 95%, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm models for the adsorption of polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) on the MOF surface were investigated to understand the mechanism. The Qmax for PVC and PMMA NPs were recorded as 56.65 mg/g and 33.32 mg/g, respectively. MOF-5 was characterized before and after adsorption of PNPs on the surface of MOF-5 using a range of techniques. After adsorption, the MOF-5 was successfully regenerated and reused for the adsorption and removal of PNPs, showing consistent results for five adsorption cycles with a removal rate of 83–85%. MOF-5 was characterized before and after adsorption of PNPs on the surface using a range of techniques. The MOF-5 with PNPs on the surface was successfully regenerated and reused for the adsorption and removal of polymer nanoparticles, showing consistent results for five extraction cycles. As a proof of concept, MOF-5 was also used to remove plastic particles from commercially available body scrub gel solutions. Such methods and materials are needed to mitigate the health hazards caused by emerging micro- and nanoplastic pollutants in the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:52:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd7edf5789ed47bab098d7c810b14186 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:52:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd7edf5789ed47bab098d7c810b141862024-02-09T15:19:21ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-01-0114325710.3390/nano14030257Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from WaterChingakham Chinglenthoiba0Gomathi Mahadevan1Jiawei Zuo2Thiruchelvam Prathyumnan3Suresh Valiyaveettil4Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, SingaporeMicro- and nanoparticles of plastic waste are considered emerging pollutants with significant environmental and health impacts at high concentrations or prolonged exposure time. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a known metal-organic framework (MOF) using terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered from the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste. This approach adds value to the existing large amounts of bottle waste in the environment. Fully characterized zinc-TPA MOF (MOF-5) was used for the extraction and removal of engineered polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles from water with a high efficiency of 97% and 95%, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm models for the adsorption of polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) on the MOF surface were investigated to understand the mechanism. The Qmax for PVC and PMMA NPs were recorded as 56.65 mg/g and 33.32 mg/g, respectively. MOF-5 was characterized before and after adsorption of PNPs on the surface of MOF-5 using a range of techniques. After adsorption, the MOF-5 was successfully regenerated and reused for the adsorption and removal of PNPs, showing consistent results for five adsorption cycles with a removal rate of 83–85%. MOF-5 was characterized before and after adsorption of PNPs on the surface using a range of techniques. The MOF-5 with PNPs on the surface was successfully regenerated and reused for the adsorption and removal of polymer nanoparticles, showing consistent results for five extraction cycles. As a proof of concept, MOF-5 was also used to remove plastic particles from commercially available body scrub gel solutions. Such methods and materials are needed to mitigate the health hazards caused by emerging micro- and nanoplastic pollutants in the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/3/257microplasticsnanoplasticsenvironmental pollutionmetal-organic frameworkwater purificationpolyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste |
| spellingShingle | Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Gomathi Mahadevan Jiawei Zuo Thiruchelvam Prathyumnan Suresh Valiyaveettil Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water Nanomaterials microplastics nanoplastics environmental pollution metal-organic framework water purification polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste |
| title | Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water |
| title_full | Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water |
| title_fullStr | Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water |
| title_short | Conversion of PET Bottle Waste into a Terephthalic Acid-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Removing Plastic Nanoparticles from Water |
| title_sort | conversion of pet bottle waste into a terephthalic acid based metal organic framework for removing plastic nanoparticles from water |
| topic | microplastics nanoplastics environmental pollution metal-organic framework water purification polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/3/257 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chingakhamchinglenthoiba conversionofpetbottlewasteintoaterephthalicacidbasedmetalorganicframeworkforremovingplasticnanoparticlesfromwater AT gomathimahadevan conversionofpetbottlewasteintoaterephthalicacidbasedmetalorganicframeworkforremovingplasticnanoparticlesfromwater AT jiaweizuo conversionofpetbottlewasteintoaterephthalicacidbasedmetalorganicframeworkforremovingplasticnanoparticlesfromwater AT thiruchelvamprathyumnan conversionofpetbottlewasteintoaterephthalicacidbasedmetalorganicframeworkforremovingplasticnanoparticlesfromwater AT sureshvaliyaveettil conversionofpetbottlewasteintoaterephthalicacidbasedmetalorganicframeworkforremovingplasticnanoparticlesfromwater |