Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System
A newly developed integrated fluorescence-Raman spectral system (λex = 532 nm) for detecting Chlorophyll-a (chl-a), Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), carotenoids and SO42− in situ was used to successfully investigate the diurnal variability of all above. Simultaneously using the integrat...
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MDPI AG
2016-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1082 |
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| author | Jing Chen Wangquan Ye Jinjia Guo Zhao Luo Ying Li |
| author_facet | Jing Chen Wangquan Ye Jinjia Guo Zhao Luo Ying Li |
| author_sort | Jing Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A newly developed integrated fluorescence-Raman spectral system (λex = 532 nm) for detecting Chlorophyll-a (chl-a), Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), carotenoids and SO42− in situ was used to successfully investigate the diurnal variability of all above. Simultaneously using the integration of fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques provided comprehensive marine information due to the complementarity between the different excitation mechanisms and different selection rules. The investigation took place in offshore seawater of the Yellow Sea (36°05′40′′ N, 120°31′32′′ E) in October 2014. To detect chl-a, CDOM, carotenoids and SO42−, the fluorescence-Raman spectral system was deployed. It was found that troughs of chl-a and CDOM fluorescence signal intensity were observed during high tides, while the signal intensity showed high values with larger fluctuations during ebb-tide. Chl-a and carotenoids were influenced by solar radiation within a day cycle by different detection techniques, as well as displaying similar and synchronous tendency. CDOM fluorescence cause interference to the measurement of SO42−. To avoid such interference, the backup Raman spectroscopy system with λex = 785 nm was employed to detect SO42− concentration on the following day. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence-Raman spectral system has great potential in detection of chl-a, carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− in the ocean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:24:02Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:24:02Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-dd80d0feeb9c4eaabbb8cd9316681cb22022-12-22T01:56:17ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-07-01167108210.3390/s16071082s16071082Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral SystemJing Chen0Wangquan Ye1Jinjia Guo2Zhao Luo3Ying Li4Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaOptics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaA newly developed integrated fluorescence-Raman spectral system (λex = 532 nm) for detecting Chlorophyll-a (chl-a), Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), carotenoids and SO42− in situ was used to successfully investigate the diurnal variability of all above. Simultaneously using the integration of fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques provided comprehensive marine information due to the complementarity between the different excitation mechanisms and different selection rules. The investigation took place in offshore seawater of the Yellow Sea (36°05′40′′ N, 120°31′32′′ E) in October 2014. To detect chl-a, CDOM, carotenoids and SO42−, the fluorescence-Raman spectral system was deployed. It was found that troughs of chl-a and CDOM fluorescence signal intensity were observed during high tides, while the signal intensity showed high values with larger fluctuations during ebb-tide. Chl-a and carotenoids were influenced by solar radiation within a day cycle by different detection techniques, as well as displaying similar and synchronous tendency. CDOM fluorescence cause interference to the measurement of SO42−. To avoid such interference, the backup Raman spectroscopy system with λex = 785 nm was employed to detect SO42− concentration on the following day. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence-Raman spectral system has great potential in detection of chl-a, carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− in the ocean.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1082fluorescence-Raman spectralchlorophyll-acarotenoidschromophoric dissolved organic mattersulfatein situ detection |
| spellingShingle | Jing Chen Wangquan Ye Jinjia Guo Zhao Luo Ying Li Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System Sensors fluorescence-Raman spectral chlorophyll-a carotenoids chromophoric dissolved organic matter sulfate in situ detection |
| title | Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System |
| title_full | Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System |
| title_fullStr | Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System |
| title_short | Diurnal Variability in Chlorophyll-a, Carotenoids, CDOM and SO42− Intensity of Offshore Seawater Detected by an Underwater Fluorescence-Raman Spectral System |
| title_sort | diurnal variability in chlorophyll a carotenoids cdom and so42 intensity of offshore seawater detected by an underwater fluorescence raman spectral system |
| topic | fluorescence-Raman spectral chlorophyll-a carotenoids chromophoric dissolved organic matter sulfate in situ detection |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1082 |
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