Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency
Abstract Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34063-5 |
| _version_ | 1797836512540229632 |
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| author | Katie A. Edwards Eileen A. Randall Patricia C. Wolfe Esther R. Angert Clifford E. Kraft |
| author_facet | Katie A. Edwards Eileen A. Randall Patricia C. Wolfe Esther R. Angert Clifford E. Kraft |
| author_sort | Katie A. Edwards |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to a diet of prey fishes with high levels of thiamine-degrading (e.g., thiaminase) enzymes, such as alewives, rainbow smelt, and anchovies. Since their discovery, thiaminase I enzymes have been recognized for breaking down thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties using various nucleophilic co-substrates to afford cleavage, but these studies have not thoroughly considered other factors that could modify enzyme activity. We found the thiaminase I enzyme from Clostridium botulinum efficiently degrades thiamine in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a co-substrate but has relatively limited activity in the presence of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Using fluorescence measurements, thiamine degradation in an over-the-counter complete multivitamin formulation was inhibited, and a B-complex formulation required co-substrate supplementation for maximal thiamine depletion. These studies prompted the evaluation of specific constituents contributing to thiaminase I inhibition by both chromatography and fluorescence assays: Cu2+ potently and irreversibly inhibited thiamine degradation; ascorbic acid was a strong but reversible inhibitor; Fe2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ modulated thiamine degradation to a lesser degree. The enhancement by pyridoxine and inhibition by Cu2+ extended to thiaminase-mediated degradation from Burkholderia thailandensis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, and Paenibacillus apiarius in tryptic soy broth supernatants. These co-substrate limitations and the common presence of inhibitory dietary factors complement recent studies reporting that the intended function of thiaminase enzymes is to recycle thiamine breakdown products for thiamine synthesis, not thiamine degradation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd81cd67d9374a3991dddf3a9947ce9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:10:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd81cd67d9374a3991dddf3a9947ce9f2023-04-30T11:15:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-04-0113111710.1038/s41598-023-34063-5Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiencyKatie A. Edwards0Eileen A. Randall1Patricia C. Wolfe2Esther R. Angert3Clifford E. Kraft4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton UniversityDepartment of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell UniversityAbstract Fish population declines from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency have been widespread in ecologically and economically valuable organisms, ranging from the Great Lakes to the Baltic Sea and, most recently, the California coast. Thiamine deficiencies in predatory fishes are often attributed to a diet of prey fishes with high levels of thiamine-degrading (e.g., thiaminase) enzymes, such as alewives, rainbow smelt, and anchovies. Since their discovery, thiaminase I enzymes have been recognized for breaking down thiamine into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties using various nucleophilic co-substrates to afford cleavage, but these studies have not thoroughly considered other factors that could modify enzyme activity. We found the thiaminase I enzyme from Clostridium botulinum efficiently degrades thiamine in the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as a co-substrate but has relatively limited activity in the presence of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Using fluorescence measurements, thiamine degradation in an over-the-counter complete multivitamin formulation was inhibited, and a B-complex formulation required co-substrate supplementation for maximal thiamine depletion. These studies prompted the evaluation of specific constituents contributing to thiaminase I inhibition by both chromatography and fluorescence assays: Cu2+ potently and irreversibly inhibited thiamine degradation; ascorbic acid was a strong but reversible inhibitor; Fe2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ modulated thiamine degradation to a lesser degree. The enhancement by pyridoxine and inhibition by Cu2+ extended to thiaminase-mediated degradation from Burkholderia thailandensis, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, and Paenibacillus apiarius in tryptic soy broth supernatants. These co-substrate limitations and the common presence of inhibitory dietary factors complement recent studies reporting that the intended function of thiaminase enzymes is to recycle thiamine breakdown products for thiamine synthesis, not thiamine degradation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34063-5 |
| spellingShingle | Katie A. Edwards Eileen A. Randall Patricia C. Wolfe Esther R. Angert Clifford E. Kraft Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency Scientific Reports |
| title | Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency |
| title_full | Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency |
| title_fullStr | Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency |
| title_short | Dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase I-mediated thiamine deficiency |
| title_sort | dietary factors potentially impacting thiaminase i mediated thiamine deficiency |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34063-5 |
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