Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia
The effects of global warming are putting the world’s coasts at risk. Coastal planners need relatively accurate projections of the rate of sea-level rise and its possible consequences, such as extreme sea-level changes, flooding, and coastal erosion. The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is vulnerab...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/12/1382 |
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| author | Milad Bagheri Zelina Z. Ibrahim Mohd Fadzil Akhir Bahareh Oryani Shahabaldin Rezania Isabelle D. Wolf Amin Beiranvand Pour Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat |
| author_facet | Milad Bagheri Zelina Z. Ibrahim Mohd Fadzil Akhir Bahareh Oryani Shahabaldin Rezania Isabelle D. Wolf Amin Beiranvand Pour Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat |
| author_sort | Milad Bagheri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of global warming are putting the world’s coasts at risk. Coastal planners need relatively accurate projections of the rate of sea-level rise and its possible consequences, such as extreme sea-level changes, flooding, and coastal erosion. The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is vulnerable to sea-level change. The purpose of this study is to present an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to analyse sea-level change based on observed data of tide gauge, rainfall, sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and wind. A Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) approach was used on observed data from 1991 to 2012 to simulate and predict the sea level change until 2020 from five tide gauge stations in Kuala Terengganu along the East Coast of Malaysia. From 1991 to 2020, predictions estimate that sea level would increase at a pace of roughly 4.60 mm/year on average, with a rate of 2.05 ± 7.16 mm on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study shows that Peninsular Malaysia’s East Coast is vulnerable to sea-level rise, particularly at Kula Terengganu, Terengganu state, with a rate of 1.38 ± 7.59 mm/year, and Tanjung Gelang, Pahang state, with a rate of 1.87 ± 7.33 mm/year. As a result, strategies and planning for long-term adaptation are needed to control potential consequences. Our research provides crucial information for decision-makers seeking to protect coastal cities from the risks of rising sea levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:44:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dd83ac97a23342e581ceb9a6f1ecb7b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:44:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-dd83ac97a23342e581ceb9a6f1ecb7b52023-11-23T09:11:41ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2021-12-011012138210.3390/land10121382Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular MalaysiaMilad Bagheri0Zelina Z. Ibrahim1Mohd Fadzil Akhir2Bahareh Oryani3Shahabaldin Rezania4Isabelle D. Wolf5Amin Beiranvand Pour6Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat7Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, MalaysiaDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Environmental and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, MalaysiaTechnology Management, Economics and Policy Program, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, KoreaDepartment of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, KoreaSchool of Geography and Sustainable Communities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, MalaysiaThe effects of global warming are putting the world’s coasts at risk. Coastal planners need relatively accurate projections of the rate of sea-level rise and its possible consequences, such as extreme sea-level changes, flooding, and coastal erosion. The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is vulnerable to sea-level change. The purpose of this study is to present an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to analyse sea-level change based on observed data of tide gauge, rainfall, sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and wind. A Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) approach was used on observed data from 1991 to 2012 to simulate and predict the sea level change until 2020 from five tide gauge stations in Kuala Terengganu along the East Coast of Malaysia. From 1991 to 2020, predictions estimate that sea level would increase at a pace of roughly 4.60 mm/year on average, with a rate of 2.05 ± 7.16 mm on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study shows that Peninsular Malaysia’s East Coast is vulnerable to sea-level rise, particularly at Kula Terengganu, Terengganu state, with a rate of 1.38 ± 7.59 mm/year, and Tanjung Gelang, Pahang state, with a rate of 1.87 ± 7.33 mm/year. As a result, strategies and planning for long-term adaptation are needed to control potential consequences. Our research provides crucial information for decision-makers seeking to protect coastal cities from the risks of rising sea levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/12/1382feed-forward modeltide gaugesea-level residualtime series analysiscoastal city vulnerability |
| spellingShingle | Milad Bagheri Zelina Z. Ibrahim Mohd Fadzil Akhir Bahareh Oryani Shahabaldin Rezania Isabelle D. Wolf Amin Beiranvand Pour Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia Land feed-forward model tide gauge sea-level residual time series analysis coastal city vulnerability |
| title | Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full | Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_short | Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_sort | impacts of future sea level rise under global warming assessed from tide gauge records a case study of the east coast economic region of peninsular malaysia |
| topic | feed-forward model tide gauge sea-level residual time series analysis coastal city vulnerability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/12/1382 |
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