Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress
The discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that do not have an ordered structure and nevertheless perform essential functions has opened a new era in the understanding of cellular compartmentalization. It threw the bridge from the mostly mechanistic model of the organization of the li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/10/1441 |
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| author | Anna S. Fefilova Iuliia A. Antifeeva Anastasia A. Gavrilova Konstantin K. Turoverov Irina M. Kuznetsova Alexander V. Fonin |
| author_facet | Anna S. Fefilova Iuliia A. Antifeeva Anastasia A. Gavrilova Konstantin K. Turoverov Irina M. Kuznetsova Alexander V. Fonin |
| author_sort | Anna S. Fefilova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that do not have an ordered structure and nevertheless perform essential functions has opened a new era in the understanding of cellular compartmentalization. It threw the bridge from the mostly mechanistic model of the organization of the living matter to the idea of highly dynamic and functional “soft matter”. This paradigm is based on the notion of the major role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers in the spatial-temporal organization of intracellular space. The LLPS leads to the formation of self-assembled membrane-less organelles (MLOs). MLOs are multicomponent and multifunctional biological condensates, highly dynamic in structure and composition, that allow them to fine-tune the regulation of various intracellular processes. IDPs play a central role in the assembly and functioning of MLOs. The LLPS importance for the regulation of chemical reactions inside the cell is clearly illustrated by the reorganization of the intracellular space during stress response. As a reaction to various types of stresses, stress-induced MLOs appear in the cell, enabling the preservation of the genetic and protein material during unfavourable conditions. In addition, stress causes structural, functional, and compositional changes in the MLOs permanently present inside the cells. In this review, we describe the assembly of stress-induced MLOs and the stress-induced modification of existing MLOs in eukaryotes, yeasts, and prokaryotes in response to various stress factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dda2955e78a14f56874565aefd178232 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-dda2955e78a14f56874565aefd1782322023-11-23T23:08:44ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-10-011210144110.3390/biom12101441Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by StressAnna S. Fefilova0Iuliia A. Antifeeva1Anastasia A. Gavrilova2Konstantin K. Turoverov3Irina M. Kuznetsova4Alexander V. Fonin5Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, RussiaThe discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that do not have an ordered structure and nevertheless perform essential functions has opened a new era in the understanding of cellular compartmentalization. It threw the bridge from the mostly mechanistic model of the organization of the living matter to the idea of highly dynamic and functional “soft matter”. This paradigm is based on the notion of the major role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers in the spatial-temporal organization of intracellular space. The LLPS leads to the formation of self-assembled membrane-less organelles (MLOs). MLOs are multicomponent and multifunctional biological condensates, highly dynamic in structure and composition, that allow them to fine-tune the regulation of various intracellular processes. IDPs play a central role in the assembly and functioning of MLOs. The LLPS importance for the regulation of chemical reactions inside the cell is clearly illustrated by the reorganization of the intracellular space during stress response. As a reaction to various types of stresses, stress-induced MLOs appear in the cell, enabling the preservation of the genetic and protein material during unfavourable conditions. In addition, stress causes structural, functional, and compositional changes in the MLOs permanently present inside the cells. In this review, we describe the assembly of stress-induced MLOs and the stress-induced modification of existing MLOs in eukaryotes, yeasts, and prokaryotes in response to various stress factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/10/1441membrane-less organellesintrinsically disordered proteinsliquid-liquid phase separationstress |
| spellingShingle | Anna S. Fefilova Iuliia A. Antifeeva Anastasia A. Gavrilova Konstantin K. Turoverov Irina M. Kuznetsova Alexander V. Fonin Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress Biomolecules membrane-less organelles intrinsically disordered proteins liquid-liquid phase separation stress |
| title | Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress |
| title_full | Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress |
| title_fullStr | Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress |
| title_short | Reorganization of Cell Compartmentalization Induced by Stress |
| title_sort | reorganization of cell compartmentalization induced by stress |
| topic | membrane-less organelles intrinsically disordered proteins liquid-liquid phase separation stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/10/1441 |
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