Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes
The remarkable biological activities of oregano essential oils (EOs) have recently prompted a host of studies aimed at exploring their potential innovative applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from two <i>Origanum vul...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1344 |
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| author | Paola Zinno Barbara Guantario Gabriele Lombardi Giulia Ranaldi Alberto Finamore Sofia Allegra Michele Massimo Mammano Giancarlo Fascella Antonio Raffo Marianna Roselli |
| author_facet | Paola Zinno Barbara Guantario Gabriele Lombardi Giulia Ranaldi Alberto Finamore Sofia Allegra Michele Massimo Mammano Giancarlo Fascella Antonio Raffo Marianna Roselli |
| author_sort | Paola Zinno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The remarkable biological activities of oregano essential oils (EOs) have recently prompted a host of studies aimed at exploring their potential innovative applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from two <i>Origanum vulgare</i> genotypes, widely cultivated in Sicily and not previously studied for their biological properties, were characterized. Plants of the two genotypes, belonging to the carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) chemotypes and grown in different cultivation environments, were considered for this study. The chemical profiles, including the determination of enantiomeric distribution, of the EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation from dried leaves and flowers, were investigated by GC–MS. Biological activity was evaluated as antimicrobial properties against different pathogen indicator strains, while intestinal barrier integrity, reduction in pathogen adhesion and anti-inflammatory actions were assayed in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. The chemical profile of the CAR genotype was less complex and characterized by higher levels of the most active compound, i.e., carvacrol, when compared to the THY genotype. The enantiomeric distribution of chiral constituents did not vary across genotypes, while being markedly different from that observed in <i>Origanum vulgare</i> genotypes from other geographical origins. In general, all EOs showed high antimicrobial activity, both in vitro and in a food matrix challenge test. Representative EOs from the two genotypes resulted not altering epithelial monolayer sealing only for concentrations lower than 0.02%, were able to reduce the adhesion of selected pathogens, but did not exert relevant anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest their potential use as control agents against a wide spectrum of foodborne pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:40Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-dda8564c2dea453e95e4207ba69eccf32023-11-17T13:22:36ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126134410.3390/plants12061344Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol ChemotypesPaola Zinno0Barbara Guantario1Gabriele Lombardi2Giulia Ranaldi3Alberto Finamore4Sofia Allegra5Michele Massimo Mammano6Giancarlo Fascella7Antonio Raffo8Marianna Roselli9CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113-Km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113-Km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyCREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, ItalyThe remarkable biological activities of oregano essential oils (EOs) have recently prompted a host of studies aimed at exploring their potential innovative applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from two <i>Origanum vulgare</i> genotypes, widely cultivated in Sicily and not previously studied for their biological properties, were characterized. Plants of the two genotypes, belonging to the carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY) chemotypes and grown in different cultivation environments, were considered for this study. The chemical profiles, including the determination of enantiomeric distribution, of the EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation from dried leaves and flowers, were investigated by GC–MS. Biological activity was evaluated as antimicrobial properties against different pathogen indicator strains, while intestinal barrier integrity, reduction in pathogen adhesion and anti-inflammatory actions were assayed in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. The chemical profile of the CAR genotype was less complex and characterized by higher levels of the most active compound, i.e., carvacrol, when compared to the THY genotype. The enantiomeric distribution of chiral constituents did not vary across genotypes, while being markedly different from that observed in <i>Origanum vulgare</i> genotypes from other geographical origins. In general, all EOs showed high antimicrobial activity, both in vitro and in a food matrix challenge test. Representative EOs from the two genotypes resulted not altering epithelial monolayer sealing only for concentrations lower than 0.02%, were able to reduce the adhesion of selected pathogens, but did not exert relevant anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest their potential use as control agents against a wide spectrum of foodborne pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1344oregano<i>Origanum heracleoticum</i><i>Origanum vulgare ssp. viridulum</i> × <i>Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum</i>essential oilenantiomersantimicrobial activity |
| spellingShingle | Paola Zinno Barbara Guantario Gabriele Lombardi Giulia Ranaldi Alberto Finamore Sofia Allegra Michele Massimo Mammano Giancarlo Fascella Antonio Raffo Marianna Roselli Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes Plants oregano <i>Origanum heracleoticum</i> <i>Origanum vulgare ssp. viridulum</i> × <i>Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum</i> essential oil enantiomers antimicrobial activity |
| title | Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes |
| title_full | Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes |
| title_short | Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from <i>Origanum vulgare</i> Genotypes Belonging to the Carvacrol and Thymol Chemotypes |
| title_sort | chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from i origanum vulgare i genotypes belonging to the carvacrol and thymol chemotypes |
| topic | oregano <i>Origanum heracleoticum</i> <i>Origanum vulgare ssp. viridulum</i> × <i>Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum</i> essential oil enantiomers antimicrobial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1344 |
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