High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner
Climate is determinant for grapevine geographical distribution, berry attributes, and wine quality. Due to climate change, a 2–4 °C increase in mean diurnal temperature is predicted by the end of the century for the most important Argentine viticulture region. We hypothesize that such temperature in...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| author | Inés de Rosas Leonor Deis Yésica Baldo Juan B. Cavagnaro Pablo F. Cavagnaro |
| author_facet | Inés de Rosas Leonor Deis Yésica Baldo Juan B. Cavagnaro Pablo F. Cavagnaro |
| author_sort | Inés de Rosas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate is determinant for grapevine geographical distribution, berry attributes, and wine quality. Due to climate change, a 2–4 °C increase in mean diurnal temperature is predicted by the end of the century for the most important Argentine viticulture region. We hypothesize that such temperature increase will affect color intensity and other quality attributes of red grapes and wines. The present study investigated the effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin concentration and composition, pH, and resveratrol and solids content in berries of three major wine-producing varieties during fruit ripening in two seasons. To this end, a structure that increased mean diurnal temperature by 1.5–2.0 °C at berry sites, compared to Control (C) plants grown without such structure, was implemented in field grown vineyards of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. Results revealed a cultivar-dependent response to HT conditions, with Malbec and Pinot Noir berries exhibiting significant decreases in total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) at veraison and harvest, respectively, while Merlot maintained an unaffected pigment content under HT. The decrease in TAC was associated with reduced levels of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides, and increased ratios of acylated (AA)/non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA), suggesting pigment acylation as a possible stress-response mechanism for attenuating HT negative effects. Under HT, Pinot Noir, which does not produce AA, was the only cultivar with lower TAC at harvest (<i>p</i> < 0.05). pH, resveratrol, and solids content were not affected by HT. Our results predict high, medium, and low plasticity with regard to color quality attributes for Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir, respectively, in the context of climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:32:05Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ddac8878ee804705808b6927e27b048d2023-11-30T23:50:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-03-0111792610.3390/plants11070926High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent MannerInés de Rosas0Leonor Deis1Yésica Baldo2Juan B. Cavagnaro3Pablo F. Cavagnaro4Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, ArgentinaPlant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, ArgentinaNational Viticulture Institute (INV), Av. San Martín 430, Mendoza M5528 AHB, ArgentinaPlant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Mendoza M5528 AHB, ArgentinaNational Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) E.E.A. La Consulta, National University of Cuyo and Conicet, Ex Ruta 40 s/n, San Carlos, La Consulta 5567, Mendoza M5528 AHB, ArgentinaClimate is determinant for grapevine geographical distribution, berry attributes, and wine quality. Due to climate change, a 2–4 °C increase in mean diurnal temperature is predicted by the end of the century for the most important Argentine viticulture region. We hypothesize that such temperature increase will affect color intensity and other quality attributes of red grapes and wines. The present study investigated the effect of high temperature (HT) on anthocyanin concentration and composition, pH, and resveratrol and solids content in berries of three major wine-producing varieties during fruit ripening in two seasons. To this end, a structure that increased mean diurnal temperature by 1.5–2.0 °C at berry sites, compared to Control (C) plants grown without such structure, was implemented in field grown vineyards of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir. Results revealed a cultivar-dependent response to HT conditions, with Malbec and Pinot Noir berries exhibiting significant decreases in total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) at veraison and harvest, respectively, while Merlot maintained an unaffected pigment content under HT. The decrease in TAC was associated with reduced levels of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides, and increased ratios of acylated (AA)/non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA), suggesting pigment acylation as a possible stress-response mechanism for attenuating HT negative effects. Under HT, Pinot Noir, which does not produce AA, was the only cultivar with lower TAC at harvest (<i>p</i> < 0.05). pH, resveratrol, and solids content were not affected by HT. Our results predict high, medium, and low plasticity with regard to color quality attributes for Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir, respectively, in the context of climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/926grapevineclimate changehigh temperaturesanthocyaninsMalbecMerlot |
| spellingShingle | Inés de Rosas Leonor Deis Yésica Baldo Juan B. Cavagnaro Pablo F. Cavagnaro High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner Plants grapevine climate change high temperatures anthocyanins Malbec Merlot |
| title | High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner |
| title_full | High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner |
| title_fullStr | High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner |
| title_short | High Temperature Alters Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Grape Berries of Malbec, Merlot, and Pinot Noir in a Cultivar-Dependent Manner |
| title_sort | high temperature alters anthocyanin concentration and composition in grape berries of malbec merlot and pinot noir in a cultivar dependent manner |
| topic | grapevine climate change high temperatures anthocyanins Malbec Merlot |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/926 |
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