Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells
Many studies highlighted that a bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. A vigorous immune response to antigens must be avoided, and pathogenic organisms crossing the gut barrier must be detected and killed. For this reason, the immune system developed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1828 |
| _version_ | 1818311976915304448 |
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| author | Carmela Conte Marzia Sichetti Giovanna Traina |
| author_facet | Carmela Conte Marzia Sichetti Giovanna Traina |
| author_sort | Carmela Conte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many studies highlighted that a bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. A vigorous immune response to antigens must be avoided, and pathogenic organisms crossing the gut barrier must be detected and killed. For this reason, the immune system developed fine mechanisms able to maintain this delicate balance. The microbiota is beneficial to its host, providing protection against pathogenic bacteria. It is intimately involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. In the last few years, the implication of the gut microbiota and its bioactive microbiota-derived molecules in the progression of multiple diseases, as well as in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, gained increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the gut microbiota with particular attention toward neurological disorders and mast cells. Relevant roles are played by the mast cells in neuroimmune communication, such as sensors and effectors of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In this context, the intake of beneficial bacterial strains as probiotics could represent a valuable therapeutic approach to adopt in combination with classical therapies. Further studies need to be performed to understand if the gut bacteria are responsible for neurological disorders or if neurological disorders influence the bacterial profile. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:10:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddb4b1e7c0044243a5bd93dbca9b51d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:10:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddb4b1e7c0044243a5bd93dbca9b51d62022-12-21T23:54:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-03-01105182810.3390/app10051828app10051828Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast CellsCarmela Conte0Marzia Sichetti1Giovanna Traina2Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, via Romana, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, via Romana, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, via Romana, 06126 Perugia, ItalyMany studies highlighted that a bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. A vigorous immune response to antigens must be avoided, and pathogenic organisms crossing the gut barrier must be detected and killed. For this reason, the immune system developed fine mechanisms able to maintain this delicate balance. The microbiota is beneficial to its host, providing protection against pathogenic bacteria. It is intimately involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. In the last few years, the implication of the gut microbiota and its bioactive microbiota-derived molecules in the progression of multiple diseases, as well as in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, gained increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the gut microbiota with particular attention toward neurological disorders and mast cells. Relevant roles are played by the mast cells in neuroimmune communication, such as sensors and effectors of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In this context, the intake of beneficial bacterial strains as probiotics could represent a valuable therapeutic approach to adopt in combination with classical therapies. Further studies need to be performed to understand if the gut bacteria are responsible for neurological disorders or if neurological disorders influence the bacterial profile.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1828gut microbiotaimmune modulationneuroinflammationneurodegenerationmast cellsprobioticsgut–brain axismicrobial productstoll-like receptors |
| spellingShingle | Carmela Conte Marzia Sichetti Giovanna Traina Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells Applied Sciences gut microbiota immune modulation neuroinflammation neurodegeneration mast cells probiotics gut–brain axis microbial products toll-like receptors |
| title | Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells |
| title_full | Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells |
| title_fullStr | Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells |
| title_short | Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells |
| title_sort | gut brain axis focus on neurodegeneration and mast cells |
| topic | gut microbiota immune modulation neuroinflammation neurodegeneration mast cells probiotics gut–brain axis microbial products toll-like receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1828 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carmelaconte gutbrainaxisfocusonneurodegenerationandmastcells AT marziasichetti gutbrainaxisfocusonneurodegenerationandmastcells AT giovannatraina gutbrainaxisfocusonneurodegenerationandmastcells |