Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor
Sensors fabricated by using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform provide promising solutions to issues such as size, power consumption, wavelength-specific nature of end reflectors and difficulty to detect ternary mixture. To address these limitations, we proposed and investigated a broadband-therm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/4/328 |
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| author | Rana M. Armaghan Ayaz Amin Balazadeh Koucheh Kursat Sendur |
| author_facet | Rana M. Armaghan Ayaz Amin Balazadeh Koucheh Kursat Sendur |
| author_sort | Rana M. Armaghan Ayaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sensors fabricated by using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform provide promising solutions to issues such as size, power consumption, wavelength-specific nature of end reflectors and difficulty to detect ternary mixture. To address these limitations, we proposed and investigated a broadband-thermally tunable vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-based linear optical cavity sensor model using a finite element method. The proposed structure consists of a silicon wire waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform terminated with phase-change vanadium oxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) on each side to provide light confinement. A smooth transmission modulation range of 0.8 (VO<sub>2</sub> in the insulator state) and 0.03 (VO<sub>2</sub> in the conductive phase state) in the 125 to 230 THz spectral region was obtained due to the of Fabry–Pérot (FP) effect. For the 3.84 μm cavity length, the presented sensor resulted in a sensitivity of 20.2 THz/RIU or 179.56 nm/RIU, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than its counterparts in the literature. The sensitivity of the 2D model showed direct relation with the length of the optical cavity. Moreover, the change in the resonating mode line width <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>ν</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of approximately 6.94 THz/RIU or 59.96 nm/RIU was also observed when the sensor was subjected to the change of the imaginary part <i>k</i> of complex refractive index (RI). This property of the sensor equips it for the sensing of aternary mixture without using any chemical surface modification. The proposed sensor haspotential applications in the areas of chemical industries, environmental monitoring and biomedical sensing. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddb5149d2b5d4c1f8dc29fa6b7c0dbc12024-02-23T15:29:21ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-02-0114432810.3390/nano14040328Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity SensorRana M. Armaghan Ayaz0Amin Balazadeh Koucheh1Kursat Sendur2Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, TurkeySensors fabricated by using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform provide promising solutions to issues such as size, power consumption, wavelength-specific nature of end reflectors and difficulty to detect ternary mixture. To address these limitations, we proposed and investigated a broadband-thermally tunable vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-based linear optical cavity sensor model using a finite element method. The proposed structure consists of a silicon wire waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform terminated with phase-change vanadium oxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) on each side to provide light confinement. A smooth transmission modulation range of 0.8 (VO<sub>2</sub> in the insulator state) and 0.03 (VO<sub>2</sub> in the conductive phase state) in the 125 to 230 THz spectral region was obtained due to the of Fabry–Pérot (FP) effect. For the 3.84 μm cavity length, the presented sensor resulted in a sensitivity of 20.2 THz/RIU or 179.56 nm/RIU, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than its counterparts in the literature. The sensitivity of the 2D model showed direct relation with the length of the optical cavity. Moreover, the change in the resonating mode line width <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>ν</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of approximately 6.94 THz/RIU or 59.96 nm/RIU was also observed when the sensor was subjected to the change of the imaginary part <i>k</i> of complex refractive index (RI). This property of the sensor equips it for the sensing of aternary mixture without using any chemical surface modification. The proposed sensor haspotential applications in the areas of chemical industries, environmental monitoring and biomedical sensing.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/4/328optical sensoroptical resonatorrefractive index sensorsilicon-on-insulator (SOI) platformvanadium dioxidephase-changing materials |
| spellingShingle | Rana M. Armaghan Ayaz Amin Balazadeh Koucheh Kursat Sendur Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor Nanomaterials optical sensor optical resonator refractive index sensor silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform vanadium dioxide phase-changing materials |
| title | Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor |
| title_full | Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor |
| title_short | Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor |
| title_sort | broadband tunable vanadium dioxide vo sub 2 sub based linear optical cavity sensor |
| topic | optical sensor optical resonator refractive index sensor silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform vanadium dioxide phase-changing materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/4/328 |
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