Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda
Background Globally, secondhand tobacco smoke causes over 365,000 deaths each year. To fulfill their obligations under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly enacting smoke-free laws covering public places. These policies have prov...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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European Publishing
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Implementing-smoke-free-laws-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-literature,84668,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1818355366953484288 |
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| author | M. Justin Byron Joanna Cohen Shannon Frattaroli Joel Gittelsohn David Jernigan |
| author_facet | M. Justin Byron Joanna Cohen Shannon Frattaroli Joel Gittelsohn David Jernigan |
| author_sort | M. Justin Byron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Globally, secondhand tobacco smoke causes over 365,000 deaths each year. To
fulfill their obligations under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly enacting
smoke-free laws covering public places. These policies have proven effective in
high-income countries, but some LMICs have struggled to implement smoke-free
laws and attain compliance. We present a systematic review and a research
agenda for improving implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on
implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs through January 2017. The search of 10
databases yielded 3,894 unique articles, which reduced to 1,409 after title
screening, 236 after abstract screening, and 66 after full text review. We also
reviewed reports from WHO and international tobacco control NGOs and citations
in sources. The total number of sources that met inclusion criteria was 131. We
analyzed these materials for common themes.
Results
We found that many of the health and economic aspects of smoke-free laws
in high-income countries carry over to LMICs: the tobacco industry aggressively
opposes smoke-free laws, there are commonalities in lessons learned in
implementing laws across various LMICs, and a number of obstacles to successful
implementation are faced in LMICs, especially in terms of resources and
political will.
Conclusions
Based on these findings and our own experience in the field,
we suggest four central topics on which research is urgently needed: (1) determining
the most efficient methods of working with limited resources; (2) learning how
to increase political will among political leaders and enforcement officers;
(3) finding methods for increasing public compliance in settings where laws
have already been passed but not achieved success; and, (4) understanding the social
and behavioral processes underlying smoke-free laws. Investigation into these
topics can inform more effective implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:40:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddc07d8773314fae918040d020863a31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:40:11Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddc07d8773314fae918040d020863a312022-12-21T23:33:43ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252018-03-0116110.18332/tid/8466884668Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research AgendaM. Justin Byron0Joanna Cohen1Shannon Frattaroli2Joel Gittelsohn3David Jernigan4University of North Carolina, Health Behavior, United States of AmericaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Health, Behavior and Society, United States of AmericaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Health Policy and Management, United States of AmericaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, United States of AmericaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Health, Behavior and Society, United States of AmericaBackground Globally, secondhand tobacco smoke causes over 365,000 deaths each year. To fulfill their obligations under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly enacting smoke-free laws covering public places. These policies have proven effective in high-income countries, but some LMICs have struggled to implement smoke-free laws and attain compliance. We present a systematic review and a research agenda for improving implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs through January 2017. The search of 10 databases yielded 3,894 unique articles, which reduced to 1,409 after title screening, 236 after abstract screening, and 66 after full text review. We also reviewed reports from WHO and international tobacco control NGOs and citations in sources. The total number of sources that met inclusion criteria was 131. We analyzed these materials for common themes. Results We found that many of the health and economic aspects of smoke-free laws in high-income countries carry over to LMICs: the tobacco industry aggressively opposes smoke-free laws, there are commonalities in lessons learned in implementing laws across various LMICs, and a number of obstacles to successful implementation are faced in LMICs, especially in terms of resources and political will. Conclusions Based on these findings and our own experience in the field, we suggest four central topics on which research is urgently needed: (1) determining the most efficient methods of working with limited resources; (2) learning how to increase political will among political leaders and enforcement officers; (3) finding methods for increasing public compliance in settings where laws have already been passed but not achieved success; and, (4) understanding the social and behavioral processes underlying smoke-free laws. Investigation into these topics can inform more effective implementation of smoke-free laws in LMICs.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Implementing-smoke-free-laws-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-literature,84668,0,2.htmlWCTOH |
| spellingShingle | M. Justin Byron Joanna Cohen Shannon Frattaroli Joel Gittelsohn David Jernigan Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda Tobacco Induced Diseases WCTOH |
| title | Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda |
| title_full | Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda |
| title_fullStr | Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda |
| title_short | Implementing smoke-free laws in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review and proposed research Agenda |
| title_sort | implementing smoke free laws in low and middle income countries a systematic literature review and proposed research agenda |
| topic | WCTOH |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Implementing-smoke-free-laws-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-literature,84668,0,2.html |
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