Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor
Abstract In this study, a split-type photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), incorporating suspended graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as photocatalyst and a layered polymeric composite (using polyamide, polyethersulfone and polysulfone polymers) as a membrane was fabricated to remove tetracycline (T...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51847-5 |
| _version_ | 1797355821026246656 |
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| author | Milad Esfandiaribayat Mojtaba Binazadeh Samad Sabbaghi Milad Mohammadi Samaneh Ghaedi Hamid Rajabi |
| author_facet | Milad Esfandiaribayat Mojtaba Binazadeh Samad Sabbaghi Milad Mohammadi Samaneh Ghaedi Hamid Rajabi |
| author_sort | Milad Esfandiaribayat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this study, a split-type photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), incorporating suspended graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as photocatalyst and a layered polymeric composite (using polyamide, polyethersulfone and polysulfone polymers) as a membrane was fabricated to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions as the world's second most used and discharged antibiotic in wastewater. The photocatalyst was synthesised from melamine by ultrasonic-assisted thermal polymerisation method and, along with the membrane, was characterised using various methods, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The PMR process was optimised, using Design-Expert software for tetracycline removal in terms of UV irradiation time, pH, photocatalyst loading, tetracycline concentration, and membrane separation iteration. It was revealed that a membrane-integrated reactor as a sustainable system could effectively produce clean water by simultaneous removal of tetracycline and photocatalyst from aqueous solution. The maximum removal of 94.8% was obtained at the tetracycline concentration of 22.16 ppm, pH of 9.78 with 0.56 g/L of photocatalyst in the irradiation time of 113.77 min after six times of passing membrane. The PMR system showed reasonable reusability by about a 25.8% drop in TC removal efficiency after seven cycles at optimal conditions. The outcomes demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed PMR system in tetracycline removal from water and suggest that it can be scaled as an effective approach for a sustainable supply of antibiotic-free clean water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ddd5f92599714facb0ec0e86ef493a72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-ddd5f92599714facb0ec0e86ef493a722024-01-14T12:21:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-51847-5Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactorMilad Esfandiaribayat0Mojtaba Binazadeh1Samad Sabbaghi2Milad Mohammadi3Samaneh Ghaedi4Hamid Rajabi5Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz UniversityDepartment of Nano-Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz UniversityDepartment of Nano-Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz UniversitySchool of Engineering, the University of ManchesterDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of LiverpoolAbstract In this study, a split-type photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), incorporating suspended graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as photocatalyst and a layered polymeric composite (using polyamide, polyethersulfone and polysulfone polymers) as a membrane was fabricated to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions as the world's second most used and discharged antibiotic in wastewater. The photocatalyst was synthesised from melamine by ultrasonic-assisted thermal polymerisation method and, along with the membrane, was characterised using various methods, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The PMR process was optimised, using Design-Expert software for tetracycline removal in terms of UV irradiation time, pH, photocatalyst loading, tetracycline concentration, and membrane separation iteration. It was revealed that a membrane-integrated reactor as a sustainable system could effectively produce clean water by simultaneous removal of tetracycline and photocatalyst from aqueous solution. The maximum removal of 94.8% was obtained at the tetracycline concentration of 22.16 ppm, pH of 9.78 with 0.56 g/L of photocatalyst in the irradiation time of 113.77 min after six times of passing membrane. The PMR system showed reasonable reusability by about a 25.8% drop in TC removal efficiency after seven cycles at optimal conditions. The outcomes demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed PMR system in tetracycline removal from water and suggest that it can be scaled as an effective approach for a sustainable supply of antibiotic-free clean water.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51847-5 |
| spellingShingle | Milad Esfandiaribayat Mojtaba Binazadeh Samad Sabbaghi Milad Mohammadi Samaneh Ghaedi Hamid Rajabi Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor Scientific Reports |
| title | Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| title_full | Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| title_fullStr | Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| title_short | Tetracycline removal from wastewater via g-C3N4 loaded RSM-CCD-optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| title_sort | tetracycline removal from wastewater via g c3n4 loaded rsm ccd optimised hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51847-5 |
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